| 词条 | Edward Twining |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Lord Twining |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|MBE|KStJ}} |image = Edward Twining, Governor.png |imagesize = |smallimage = |alt = |caption = |office = Governor of Tanganyika |term_start = 1949 |term_end = 1958 |monarch = George VI Elizabeth II |predecessor = Sir William Battershill |successor = Sir Richard Turnbull |office2 = Governor of North Borneo |term_start2 = 1946 |term_end2 = 1949 |monarch2 = George VI |predecessor2 = Robert Smith |successor2 = Sir Ralph Hone |birth_date = {{birth date|1899|6|29|df=yes}} |birth_place = Westminster, England |death_date = {{death date and age|1967|7|21|1899|6|29|df=yes}} |death_place = Westminster, England |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = Edward Francis Twining |nationality = British |party = |spouse = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = Diplomat, colonial governor |profession = }} Edward Francis Twining, Baron Twining {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCMG|MBE|KStJ}} (29 June 1899 – 21 June 1967), known as Sir Edward Twining from 1949 to 1958, was a British diplomat, formerly Governor of North Borneo[1] and Governor of Tanganyika. He was a member of the Twining tea family. In 1960 he published a book titled A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe; at over 700 pages it is probably the most extensive book on the subject.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} Early and personal lifeTwining was born in 1899 in Westminster to William Henry Greaves Twining, vicar of St Stephen's, Rochester Row, London and his wife, Agatha Georgina, fourth daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Bourne. His brother Stephan Twining became the managing director of the tea merchants, Twinings. He was a Provost scholar to Lancing before training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He married Helen Mary, daughter of Arthur Edmund Du Buisson, in 1928 and they had two sons. British Army serviceHe served in Dublin with the Worcestershire Regiment between 1919 and 1922, inadvertently capturing Éamon de Valera in 1921. He was appointed MBE[2] for his services in Ireland. He then entered the colonial administrative service following two tours of Uganda with the 4th King's African Rifles, returning there in 1929 as an assistant district commissioner. He moved to Mauritius as director of labour in 1939, before becoming administrator in St Lucia in 1943; he was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the same year.[3] Colonial service: Imperial governorTwining served as Governor of North Borneo from 2 December 1946.[4] In 1949 he was promoted to KCMG[5] and became Governor of Tanganyika on 16 May,[6] serving there until 1958. He was promoted to GCMG in 1953[7] This was prompted largely because as a governor of a colony under the auspices of United Nations supervision, he was more than happy to receive Inspectors to the east African country on biennial missions. In 1952 he had already paved the way for independence in 1961 by trialling an-all communities constitutional arrangement that guaranteed democratic representation for minority populations in the state that would become Tanzania. House of LordsFollowing his retirement, he became a life peer as Baron Twining, of Tanganyika and of Godalming in the County of Surrey, on 22 August 1958.[8] Lord Twining made his maiden speech on 27 July 1959 during the debate on the Colonial Development Corporation. Colonial governors had always had difficulty developing East African countries given the huge distances between scattered populations, and the tendency of African politics to deteriorate into tribal loyalties. However back in London he encouraged development corporations to work closely with governments and business to secure more investment in African territories. Describing himself as a "paternal governor" he called upon better organized schemes because they were "rather haphazard." He warned the Westminster model should not be imposed upon Africa, rather that the local leaders should be allowed to draft their own party political arrangements to articulate independence movements. Like most Liberal Imperialists he was sympathetic to self-determination, largely because it stimulated progress or debate on the progress of institutional development towards the principles of freedom.[9] After independence the African states suffered large-scale migration; hundreds of thousands displaced persons became stateless. Twining was among those peers who asked the Commonwealth Office to donate more money to alleviate the world refugee crisis.[10] Twining was among those peers who opposed the second reading of the Misrepresentation bill, a flagship piece of fraud legislation for the Wilson Government. Other honoursHe was appointed a Knight of the Venerable Order of Saint John in 1950.[11] He also served as Honorary Colonel to 6th Battalion King's African Rifles from 1955 to 1958.[12] Publications
References1. ^http://www.rulers.org/malstat.html 2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=32782 |date=1 January 1923 |supp=y |pages=7–8 }} 3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=36033 |supp=y |date=2 June 1943 |page=2421 }} 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=37816 |date=13 December 1946 |page=6072 }} 5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=38493 |date=1 January 1949 |supp=y |page=4 }} 6. ^{{London Gazette |issue=38621 |date=27 May 1949 |page=2617 }} 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=39732 |date=1 January 1953 |supp=y |page=5 }} 8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=41479 |date=22 August 1958 |page=5211 }} 9. ^HL Hansard, 16 November 1961, cols 743-5. 10. ^ THE WORLD REFUGEE PROBLEM, HL Deb 20 October 1966 vol 277 cc124-84. 11. ^{{London Gazette |issue=38952 |date=23 June 1950 |pages=3258–3259 }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Twining, Baron|url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U48624|work=Who Was Who|publisher=A & C Black; Oxford University Press|accessdate=12 December 2010|date=December 2007}}
External links
| years = 1946–1949 }}{{s-aft | after = Sir Ralph Hone}}{{s-bef | before = Sir William Battershill }}{{s-ttl | title = Governor of Tanganyika | years = 1949–1958}}{{s-aft | after = Sir Richard Turnbull }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Twining, Edward}} 16 : 1899 births|1967 deaths|Members of the Order of the British Empire|Worcestershire Regiment officers|King's African Rifles officers|British military personnel of the Irish War of Independence|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Knights of Grace of the Order of St John|People educated at Lancing College|Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst|Governors of North Borneo|Governors of Tanganyika (territory)|Diplomatic peers|Life peers|Governors of British Saint Lucia|British Mauritius people |
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