“Infatuation”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Infatuation or being smitten is the state of being carried away by an unreasoned passion, usually towards another person for which one has developed strong romantic or platonic feelings.

Characteristics

Frank D. Cox, Educational Psychology PhD, says that infatuation can be distinguished from romantic love only when looking back on a particular interest. Infatuation may also develop into a mature love.^[1] Goldstein and Brandon describe infatuation as the first stage of a relationship before developing into a mature intimacy.^[2] Phillips describes how the illusions of infatuations inevitably lead to disappointment when learning the truth about a lover.^[3] It is an object of extravagant, short-lived passion or the temporary love of an adolescent.^[4]

Youth

'It is customary to view young people's dating relationships and first relationships as puppy love or infatuation';^[5] and if infatuation is both an early stage in a deepening sequence of love/attachment, and at the same time a potential stopping point, it is perhaps no surprise that it is a condition especially prevalent in the first, youthful explorations of the world of relationships. Thus 'the first passionate adoration of a youth for a celebrated actress whom he regards as far above him, to whom he scarcely dares lift his bashful eyes'^[6] may be seen as part of an 'infatuation with celebrity especially perilous with the young'.^[7]

It is this projection that differentiates infatuation from love, according to the spiritual teacher Meher Baba: "In infatuation, the person is a passive victim of the spell of conceived attraction for the object. In love there is an active appreciation of the intrinsic worth of the object of love."^[13]

Distance from the object of infatuation—as with celebrities—can help maintain the infatuated state. A time-honoured cure for the one who 'has a tendre...infatuated' is to have 'thrown them continually together...by doing so you will cure...[or] you will know that it is not an infatuation'.^[14]

Types

Three types of infatuation have been identified by Brown: the first, and perhaps most common, being a state of 'being 'carried away, without insight or proper evaluative judgement, by blind desire'.^[15] The second, 'evaluation...may well be sound although the craving or love remains unaffected by it'; while 'a third type is that of the agent who exhibits bad judgement and misevaluation for reasons such as ignorance or recklessness', regardless of their desire.^[15]

In transference

In psychoanalysis, a sign that the method is taking hold is 'the initial infatuation to be observed at the beginning of treatment',^[16] the beginning of transference. The patient, in Freud's words, 'develops a special interest in the person of the doctor...never tires in his home of praising the doctor and of extolling ever new qualities in him'.^[17] What occurs, 'it is usually maintained...is a sort of false love, a shadow of love', replicating in its course the infatuations of 'what is called true love'.^[18]

Some however claim that it is wrong to convince the patient 'that their love is an illusion...that it's not you she loves. Freud was off base when he wrote that. It is you. Who else could it be?'^[19]—thereby taking 'the question of what is called true love...further than it had ever been taken'.^[20]

Conversely, in countertransference, the therapist may become infatuated with his/her client: 'very good-looking...she was the most gratifying of patients. She made literary allusions and understood the ones he made....He was dazzled by her, a little in love with her. After two years, the analysis ground down to a horrible halt'.^[21]

Intellectual infatuations

Infatuations need not only involve people, but can extend to objects, activities, and ideas. 'Men are always falling in love with other men...with their war heroes and sport heroes':^[22] with institutions, discourses and role models. Thus for example Jung's initial '"unconditional devotion" to Freud's theories and his "no less unconditional veneration" of Freud's person' was seen at the time by both men as a 'quasi-religious infatuation to...a cult object';^[23] while Freud in turn was 'very attracted by Jung's personality',^[24] perhaps 'saw in Jung an idealized version of himself':^[25] a mutual admiration society—'intellectually infatuated with one another'.^[26]

A woman too might have 'had a hankering for one guru after another...she loved being a pupil.'^[27]

But there are also collective infatuations: 'we are all prone to being drawn into social phantasy systems '.^[28] Thus for instance 'the recent intellectual infatuation with structuralism and post-structuralism'^[29] arguably lasted at least until 'September 11 ended intellectual infatuation with postmodernism'^[30] as a whole.

Economic bubbles thrive on collective infatuations of a different kind: 'all boom-bust processes contain an element of misunderstanding or misconception',^[31] whether it is the 'infatuation with...becoming the latest dot.com billionaire',^[32] or the one that followed with subprime mortgages, once 'Greenspan had replaced the tech bubble with a housing bubble'.^[33] As markets 'swung virtually overnight from euphoria to fear' in the credit crunch, even the most hardened market fundamentalist had to concede that such 'periodic surges of euphoria and fear are manifestations of deep-seated aspects of human nature'^[34]—whether these are enacted in home-room infatuations or upon the global stage.

Literary depictions

See also

References

1. ^Frank D. Cox, Human Intimacy (2008) p. 72
2. ^A. Goldstein and M. Brandon, Reclaiming Desire (2009) p. 232
3. ^Adam Phillips, On Flirtation (London 1994) p. 40
4. ^{{Cite web|title = Infatuation meaning - Spinfold|url = http://www.spinfold.com/infatuation-meaning/|website = Spinfold|access-date = 2016-02-09|language = en-US}}
5. ^Vappu Tyyska, Long and Winding Road (2001) p. 131
6. ^Sigmund Freud, Case Histories II (PFL 9) p. 387
7. ^Timothy W. Quinnan, Generation Lost (2002) p. 132
8. ^Eric Berne, Sex in Human Loving (Penguin 1970) p. 108
9. ^Diana Wynne Jones, Fire and Hemlock (London 2000) p. 347-8
10. ^Berne, p. 108-10
11. ^L J Smith, Night World Vol II (2009) p. 51
12. ^Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis (London 1946) p. 86
13. ^Baba, Meher (1967). Discourses. Volume I. San Francisco: Sufism Reoriented. p. 159. {{ISBN|978-1-880619-09-4}}.
14. ^Georgette Heyer, The Grand Sophy (London 1974) p. 101
15. ^¹Brown, p. 38
16. ^Jacques Lacan, Ecrits: A Selection (London 1997) p. 241
17. ^Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures in Psychoanalysis (PFL 1) p. 491
18. ^Jacques Lacan,The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis (London 1993) p. 123
19. ^Janet Malcolm, Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession (London 1988) p. 149
20. ^Lacan, Fundamental p. 123
21. ^Malcolm, p. 79
22. ^Carol O'Connell, Flight of the Stone Angel (London 1997) p. 74
23. ^Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time (London 1989) p. 204
24. ^Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (Penguin 1964) p. 328
25. ^Frank McLynn, Carl Gustav Jung (London 1996) p. 157
26. ^Anthony stevens, Jung (Oxford 1994) p. 12
27. ^C. P. Snow, Corridors of Power (Penguin 1975) p. 146
28. ^R. D. Laing, Self and Others (Penguin 1972) p. 38
29. ^Sally Banes, Terpsichore in Sneakers (1980) p. xxviii
30. ^David Stoesz, Quixote's Ghost (2005)
31. ^George Soros, The New Paradigms for Financial Markets (London 2008) p. 64
32. ^Haynes Johnson, The Best of Times (2001) p. 25
33. ^Gregory Zuckerman, The Greatest Trade Ever (London 2010) p. 83
34. ^Alan Greenspan, The Age of Turbulence (Penguin 2008) p. 520-3
35. ^R. P. Blackmur/J. T Jones, Outsider at the Heart of Things (1989) p. 242 and p. 246