| 词条 | Einar Bragi |
| 释义 |
| name = Einar Bragi | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = Einar Bragi Sigurðsson | birth_date = April 7, 1921 | birth_place = Eskifjördur, Iceland | death_date = {{Death date and age|2005|3|26|1921|4|7}} | death_place = Reykjavík | resting_place = | occupation = poet, publisher, translator | language = Icelandic | period = Post-World War II | genre = | subject = | movement = modernism | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | portaldisp = }} Einar Bragi (or Einar Bragi Sigurðsson) (7 April 1921, Eskifjördur - 26 March 2005, Reykjavík) was an Icelandic poet and publisher. He was a modernist who founded and edited the journal Birtingur, the leading forum for modernism in Iceland at the time. Einar Bragi published nine books of poetry between 1950 and 1980. He is known as one of the Atom Poets.[1] He also translated poetry into Icelandic. PoetryEinar Bragi's first two books were published while he was studying in Sweden; he returned to Iceland in 1953.[2] His early writing was often polemic, and in the early stages of his career he felt the need to defend his own poetry and that of the other Atom Poets, arguing that modern poetry was intrinsically different from traditional poetry.[3] Like other poets of his generation, he was influenced by Tómas Guðmundsson, and "even attempted to match Tómas Guðmundsson's polish in style."[2] His subject matter includes love and nature, often joined together, and he is critical of greed and exploitation. His critique of social injustice, according to scholar of Icelandic literature Neijmann, is expressed through sarcasm or the use of imagery derived from nature, and is free from sermonizing.[3] His forms are highly varied and he employed alliteration and rhyme, but also wrote free verse and prose poetry. Some of his longer poems employ the traditional Icelandic form of the thula.[3] In the nine slim volumes of poetry he published, Einar Bragi reworks and revisits the same material,[3] "so that in effect the poet was republishing his work over and over again." His prose poems were called "fine," with "a refined sense of poetic diction,"[1] and the Columbia dictionary of modern European literature likewise praises his "refined lyrical verse."[4] French critic Régis Boyer also commented on his admirably rhythmical prose.[5] In addition to writing poetry, Einar Bragi also translated poetry "from virtually all European languages,"[1] including English, French and Scandinavian languages (Swedish, Norwegian, Sami, Greenlandic, etc.[3]), and acquired a reputation as a translator.[6][7] Publishing venturesWith the Swiss-German artist Dieter Roth, he founded the publishing company Forlag Editions,[8] which published a number of important books by Roth.[9][10] In 1953, he founded the journal Birtingur, which became the "main forum for Icelandic modernists"[11] and was published until 1968. Bibliography
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal | last = Firchow | first = Evelyn Scherabon | title = Rev. of Einar Bragi, Ljóð | journal = World Literature Today | volume = 59 | issue = 2 | page = 278 | date = Spring 1985 | jstor = 40141568 | doi=10.2307/40141569}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bragi, Einar}}2. ^{{Cite book | last = Einarsson | first = Stefán | title = A history of Icelandic literature | publisher = Johns Hopkins Press for the American-Scandinavian Foundation | year = 1957 | page = 331 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6ypcAAAAMAAJ&q=%22einar+bragi%22&dq=%22einar+bragi%22&lr=&cd=4 | isbn = }} 3. ^1 {{Cite book | last = Magnússon | first = Sigurður A. | title = The Postwar poetry of Iceland | publisher = U of Iowa P | year = 1982 | page = xl | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QPYqAAAAMAAJ&q=%22einar+bragi%22&dq=%22einar+bragi%22&lr=&cd=1 | isbn = 978-0-87745-115-0}} 4. ^{{Cite book | last = Bédé | first = Jean Albert |author2=William Benbow Edgerton | title = Columbia dictionary of modern European literature | publisher = Columbia UP | year = 1980 | page = 381 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2_JLL32RzrkC&pg=PA381 | isbn = 978-0-231-03717-4}} 5. ^Régis Boyer, "Le modernisme poétique en Islande," {{Cite book | last = Béhar | first = Henri | title = Mélusine No. 3 | publisher = l'Age de l'Homme | year = 1982 | location = Lausanne | pages = 61–79 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NdsLRpiNO6gC&pg=PA74 | isbn = 978-2-8251-0824-6}} 6. ^{{Cite book | last = Jansson | first = Mats |author2=Jakob Lothe |author3=Hannu Riikonen | title = European and Nordic modernisms | publisher = Norvik Press | year = 2004 | page = 193 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vucZAQAAIAAJ&q=%22einar+bragi%22&dq=%22einar+bragi%22&lr=&cd=106 | isbn = 978-1-870041-58-4}} 7. ^{{Cite book | last = Weisgerber | first = Jean | title = Les Avant-gardes littéraires au XXe siècle: Histoire | publisher = John Benjamins | year = 1984 | pages = 442–43 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J38HB30AVHcC&pg=PA443 | isbn = 978-963-05-2667-8}} 8. ^{{Cite book | last = Stiles | first = Kristine |author2=Peter Howard Selz | title = Theories and documents of contemporary art: a sourcebook of artists' writings | publisher = U of California P | year = 1996 | page = 284 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=asWcg07wzQ0C&pg=RA1-PA284 | isbn = 978-0-520-20253-5}} 9. ^{{Cite news | last = Buhmann | first = Stephanie | title = Roth Time: A Dieter Roth Retrospective | newspaper = The Brooklyn Rail | date = April 2004 | url = http://www.brooklynrail.org/2004/04/art/roth | accessdate = 2010-01-01}} 10. ^{{Cite book | last = Roth | first = Dieter | authorlink = Dieter Roth |author2=Theodora Vischer |author3=Bernadette Walter | title = Roth time: a Dieter Roth retrospective | publisher = The Museum of Modern Art | year = 2003 | page = 40 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sKlSgCVbfAsC&pg=PA40 | isbn = 978-0-87070-035-4}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book | last = Neijmann | first = Daisy L. | title = A history of Icelandic literature | publisher = U of Nebraska P | year = 2007 | pages = 474–477, 481 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e_3jxYe5nTMC&pg=PA475& | isbn = 978-0-8032-3346-1}} 7 : 1921 births|2005 deaths|Icelandic translators|Icelandic poets|Modernist poets|20th-century Icelandic poets|20th-century translators |
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