| 释义 |
- Biography
- Publications
- References Sources
- Further reading
- External links
{{About|the Icelandic scholar|the king|Eric II of Norway}}{{Icelandic name|Eiríkr|male}}Eiríkr or Eiríkur Magnússon (1 February 1833 – 24 January 1913) was an Icelandic scholar at the University of Cambridge, who taught Old Norse to William Morris, translated numerous Icelandic sagas into English in collaboration with him, and played an important role in the movement to study the history and literature of the Norsemen in Victorian England. BiographyBorn in Berufjörður in the east of Iceland, Eiríkr was sent to England in 1862 by the Icelandic Bible Society,{{sfn|Litzenberg|1947|p=15}} and his first translations there were of mediaeval Christian texts.{{sfn|Wawn|2000|p=12}} In 1871, with the assistance of Sir Henry Holland, 1st Baronet and of Alexander Beresford Hope, MP for Cambridge, he became an under-librarian at the Cambridge University Library,{{sfn|Wawn|2000|p= 57}}{{sfn|Wawn|1990|pp= 213-52; p. 234}} where he worked until the end of 1909.[1][2] In 1893 he also became lecturer in Icelandic.{{sfn|Einarsson|1933|p=194}} Eiríkr lectured and organised famine relief for Iceland in 1875 and 1882{{sfn|Wawn|2000|pp= 11–12, 356}}{{sfn|Harris|1978|pp=31-41; pp. 32-33 }} and fell out with Guðbrandur Vigfússon, a fellow Icelandic scholar who was at Oxford and had been his friend, over that{{sfn|Wawn|1990|p= 233}}{{sfn|Harris|1978|loc=pp. 38-39: Guðbrandur was not alone in doubting the famine was as bad as the Mansion House Committee had advertised, and published in The Times on 13 October 1882 arguing that "They are teaching my countrymen to beg and to play the pauper".}} and his preference for modernised Icelandic in translating the Bible; Guðbrandur was a purist.{{sfn|Wawn|2000|loc= p.356 ; Eiríkr wrote Mr. Vigfusson and the Distress in Iceland (1882) and Dr. Gudbrand Vigfusson's Ideal of an Icelandic New Testament Translation, or The Gospel of St. Matthew by Lawman Odd Gottskalksson (1879).}} Like many Icelandic scholars in Britain at the time, Eiríkr gave Icelandic lessons as a source of income; his first pupil was probably Sir Edmund Walker Head, 8th Baronet in 1863, and he taught some by post.{{sfn|Wawn|2000|pp=358–59}} Another was George E. J. Powell, who had supported him financially when he first came to England and with whom he translated Jón Arnason's Icelandic folktales and worked on a translation of Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings that remained unpublished.{{sfn|Wawn|2000|p=361}} Most famously, he taught William Morris and collaborated with him on translating a number of sagas. Within a year of Morris beginning his studies with Eiríkr, their Story of Grettir the Strong was published (1869). In 1870 they published the first English translation of Völsungasaga. In 1871 Eiríkr and his wife accompanied Morris to Iceland, where Eiríkr went with Morris on a tour of "saga steads" and other places of interest.[3] Between 1891 and 1905 they published a six-volume Saga Library, which included Heimskringla and the first English translations of Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings, Hænsa-Þóris saga and Eyrbyggja Saga.{{sfn|Litzenberg|1947|p=13}}{{sfn|Wawn|2000|p=259}} Eiríkr defended Morris against York Powell's criticism of his archaic style.{{sfn|Wawn|2000|p=260; note 71}} Volume 6 of the Saga Library, volume 4 of the Heimskringla, is an index that is entirely Eiríkr's work, published in 1905 after Morris's death.{{sfn|Litzenberg|1947|loc= p.9, note 19 : calls it "tremendous . . . It demonstrates Magnússon's erudition as completely as anything he wrote or translated"}} Eiríkr was married to Sigríður Einarsdóttir,{{sfn|Einarsson|1933|p=12}} a descendant of Egill Skallagrímsson.{{sfn|Wawn|2000|p=366}} She campaigned to improve education for girls in Iceland. He is buried in the Mill Road cemetery, Cambridge. Publications {{refbegin}}- The Saga Library series
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/sagalibrarydonei01snoriala | title = The Story of Howard the Halt; The Story of the Banded Men; The Story of Hen Thorir | volume = 1 | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1891 | work = }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/sagalibrary02snoruoft | title = The Story of the Ere-Dwellers (Eyrbyggya Saga) with The Story of the Heath-Slayings (Heisarvíga Saga) | volume = 2 | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1892 | work = }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/sagalibrary01snoruoft | title = Heimskringla (Volume I) | volume = 3 | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1893 | work = The Stories of the Kings of Norway }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/sagalibrary04snoruoft | title = Heimskringla (Volume II) | volume = 4 | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1894 | work = The Stories of the Kings of Norway }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/sagalibrary05snoruoft | title = Heimskringla (Volume III) | volume = 5 | edition = New | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1895 | work = The Stories of the Kings of Norway }}
- Other Saga
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/storygunnlaugwo00magngoog | title = The story of Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald .. | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | editor-first3 = Ari | editor-last3 = Þorgilsson | editorlink3 = | origyear = 1869 | year = 1891 | publisher = Chiswick Press }} , e-text
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/storyofgrettirst00eiri | title = The Story of Grettir the Strong | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1869 | edition = 2nd }} , e-text
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/vlsungasagasto00eiruoft | title = Völsunga Saga : The Story of the Volsungs & Niblungs with certain songs from the Elder Edda | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1870 }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/volsungasagastor00spariala | title = Volsunga Saga : The Story of the Volsungs and Niblungs, with certain songs from the Elder Edda | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | editor-first3 = Jessie L. | editor-last3 = Weston | editorlink3 = | year = 1907 }} , introduction by H. Halliday Sparling , [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1152 e-text]
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/volsungasaga00eir | title = The Volsunga Saga [..] supplemented with Legends of the Wanger Trilogy | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | editor-first3 = Jessie L. | editor-last3 = Weston | editorlink3 = | year = 1907 }} , introduction by H. Halliday Sparling
- {{citation | url = | title = The Story Of Frithiof The Bold | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1875 }} , e-text
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/threenorthernlov00eiriiala | title = Three Northern Love Stories, and other tales; | editor-first = William | editor-last = Morris | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | origyear = 1875 | year = 1901 | edition = New| work = }} , Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald; Frithof the Bold; Viglund the Fair; Hogni and Hedinn; Roi the Fool; Thorstein Staff-smitten
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/kingfialarpoemin00runerich | title = King Fialar : a poem in five songs | editor-first = Johan Ludwig | editor-last = Runeberg | editorlink = Johan Ludvig Runeberg | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1912 }}
- Other
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/Icelandiclegends000197449v1PoweReyk | title = Icelandic Legends | editor-first = Jon | editor-last = Arnason | editorlink = Jón Árnason (author) | editor-first2 = George E.J. | editor-last2 = Powell | editorlink2 = | editor-first3 = Eirikr | editor-last3 = Magnússon | editorlink3 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1864 | edition = }} , Elves; Water-Monsters; Trolls; Ghosts and Goblins; Misc.
- {{citation | editor-first = Jon | editor-last = Arnason | editorlink = Jón Árnason (author) | editor-first2 = George E.J. | editor-last2 = Powell | editorlink2 = | editor-first3 = Eirikr | editor-last3 = Magnússon | editorlink3 = Eiríkr Magnússon | title = Icelandic Legends (2nd series) | url = https://archive.org/details/Icelandiclegends000197449v2PoweReyk | year = 1866 }} , God and the Evil One; Paradise and Hell; Divine Punishment; Historical Legends; Outlaws; Tales; Comic Stories; Appendix
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/liljalilyanicel00magngoog | title = Lilja (The Lily) - an Icelandic Religious Poem of the Fourteenth Century | first = Eysteinn | last = Ásgrímsson | authorlink = Eysteinn Ásgrímsson | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1870}} , as editor and translator
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/lyricalsongsidyl00runerich | title = Lyrical Songs Idylls and Epigrams | first = Johan Ludwig | last = Runeberg | authorlink = Johan Ludvig Runeberg | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | editor-first2 = E.H. | editor-last2 = Palmer | editorlink2 = | year = 1878 }}
- Journal articles
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/onaruniccalenda00magngoog | title = On a Runic Calendar Found in Lapland in 1866 | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | date = 20 Mar 1877 | work = Cambridge Antiquarian Society's Communications | volume = 4 | number = 1 }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/descriptionanor00magngoog | title = Description of a Norwegian Clog-Calendar | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | date = 13 May 1878 | work = Cambridge Antiquarian Society's Communications | volume = IV }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/onhvamlversesan00magngoog | title = On Hávamál: Verses 2 and 3 (Bugges Edition) | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1885}} , reprinted from Proc. Cambridge Philogical Society, October 1884, No.IX
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/notesonshipbuil00magngoog | title = Notes on Shipbuilding and Nautical Terms of Old in the North | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1906 }} , paper for the Viking Club Society for Northern Research
- Icelandic
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/hidnatestamentid00ptur | title = Hið nýa testamenti : drottins vors Jesú Krists ásamt me Davíðs Sálmum | trans-title = The New Testament: Our Lord Jesus Christ, along with David's Psalms | editor-first = Pétur | editor-last = Pétursson | editorlink = William Morris | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | editor-first3 = Sigurður | editor-last3 = Melsteð | editorlink3 = | year = 1866 | language = Icelandic }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/thmassagaerkiby01magngoog | title = Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket, in Icelandic, with English Translation, Notes, and Glossary | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1875 | language = Icelandic, English | volume = I }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/thmassagaerkib02eir | title = Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: A Life of Archbishop Thomas Becket, in Icelandic, with English Translation, Notes, and Glossary | editor-first = Eirikr | editor-last = Magnússon | editorlink = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1883 | language = Icelandic, English | volume = II }}
- {{citation | url = https://archive.org/details/minningarljdeft00magngoog | title = Minningarljód eftir Brynjólf Benediktsen og dóttur hans Ingileif Benediktsen | trans-title = Remembrance of Brynjólf Benediktsen and his daughter Ingileif Benediktsen | editor-first = Matthías | editor-last = Jochumsson | editorlink = Matthías Jochumsson | editor-first2 = Eirikr | editor-last2 = Magnússon | editorlink2 = Eiríkr Magnússon | year = 1885 | publisher = Ísafoldarprentsmiðja | language = Icelandic}}
{{refend}}References1. ^{{citation| title = University Intelligence | journal = The Times| date = 13 July 1910}}
2. ^{{citation| title = Report of the Library Syndicate| publisher = Cambridge University Library |date = 5 Mar 1913 | page=2}}
3. ^{{citation| first = Richard L.|last = Harris | jstor = 40001839 | title = William Morris, Eiríkur Magnússon, and Iceland: A Survey of Correspondence | journal = Victorian Poetry | volume =13| number = 3/4 | year = 1975}}
Sources{{refbegin}}- {{citation| first = Andrew |last = Wawn | title = The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in Nineteenth-Century Britain | publisher = Cambridge: Brewer | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-85991-575-1}}
- {{citation| first = Andrew |last = Wawn | title =The Spirit of 1892: Sagas, Saga-Steads and Victorian Philology | work = Saga-Book | volume = 23 | year = 1990 | url = http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIII.pdf }}
- {{citation|first =Karl |last = Litzenberg | title = The Victorians and the Vikings: A Bibliographical Essay on Anglo-Norse Literary Relations | publisher = University of Michigan | work = Contributions in Modern Philology| number = 3 | year = 1947 }}
- {{citation| first =Stefán |last = Einarsson | authorlink = Stefán Einarsson | title = Saga Eiríks Magnússonar í Cambridge | publisher = Reykjavík: Ísafoldarprentsmiðja | year= 1933 | oclc = 23541599|page= 194 | language = Icelandic }}
- {{citation| first = Richard L. | last = Harris | url = http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XX.pdf | title = William Morris, Eiríkur Magnússon, and the Icelandic Famine Relief Efforts of 1882 | work = Saga-Book | number = 20 | year=1978-1981 | ref={{harvid|Harris|1978}} }}
{{refend}}Further reading{{refbegin}}- {{citation| first = Stefán |last = Einarsson | title = Eiríkr Magnússon's Saga Translations| journal = Scandinavian Studies and Notes| number = 7 | date = February 1923| pages= 151–68}}
- {{citation| first = Stefán |last = Einarsson | title =Eiríkr Magnússon and His Saga Translations| journal = Scandinavian Studies and Notes| number =13 |year =1933-1935 |pages = 17–32 }}
- Reprinted in : {{citation| editor-first2 = Stefán |editor-last2 = Einarsson | title =Studies in Germanic Philology | editor-first = Anatoly | editor-last = Liberman | editorlink = Anatoly Liberman | publisher = Hamburg: Buske | year = 1986 | isbn = 9783871187551 | pages =150–164}}
- {{citation| first = Andrew |last = Wawn | title = 'Fast er drukkið og fátt lært': Eiríkur Magnússon, Old Northern Philology, and Victorian Cambridge| work = H.M. Chadwick Memorial Lectures | number = 11 | year =2000| publisher = Cambridge: Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic, University of Cambridge| oclc=47118621}}
{{refend}}External links- Eiríkr Magnússon at Dansk Biografisk Lexikon {{dk icon}}
- {{Gutenberg author |id=Eiríkr+Magnússon | name=Eiríkr Magnússon}}
- {{Internet Archive author |search=( (Eiríkr OR Eiríkur) AND (Magnússon OR Magnusson) )}}
- {{Librivox author |id=5269}}
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Magnusson, Eirikr}} 10 : 1833 births|1913 deaths|Cambridge University Librarians|Icelandic–English translators|Icelandic scholars|Scholars of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies|Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog|19th-century Icelandic people|19th-century translators|Icelandic expatriates in the United Kingdom |