| 词条 | Ingalls Rink |
| 释义 |
|stadium_name = David S. Ingalls Rink |nickname = "The Whale" |image = |location = 73 Sachem St New Haven, Connecticut, US |broke_ground = 1953 |opened = 1958 |renovated = 2009 |closed = |demolished = |owner = Yale University |operator = Yale University |surface = 200 x 85 ft (hockey) |construction_cost= $1.5 Million |architect = Eero Saarinen | structural engineer = Severud Associates |former_names = |tenants = Yale University Bulldogs (men's and women's hockey) |seating_capacity = 3,500 (when configured for hockey) }}David S. Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink in New Haven, Connecticut, designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. It is commonly referred to as The Whale, due to its whale-like design. The building was constructed for $1.5 million, which was double its original cost estimate. It seats 3,500 people and has a maximum ceiling height of {{convert|23|m|ft|sp=us}}. The building is named for David S. Ingalls, Yale class of 1920, and David S. Ingalls, Jr., Yale class of 1956, both of whom were hockey captains. Members of the Ingalls family were the primary benefactors of the arena. The building was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list, created in 2007 by the American Institute of Architects.[1] Structural systemThe rink employs an innovative structural system employing a 90-meter reinforced concrete arch, a catenary arch form for which Saarinen's projects became known. From the arch a cable net is strung, supporting a timber roof. This causes a stable, double curvature form. Exterior cables linking the arch directly to the outer edges of the roof were added during structural design development. These cables address forces caused by asymmetrical wind loads. Fred N. Severud was the structural engineer for the project.{{cn|date=March 2015}} BombingOn May 1, 1970, several rock bands were playing a concert in Ingalls Rink as part of the protests on New Haven Green against the Black Panther trials.[2] Shortly before midnight and towards the end of the concert, two bombs exploded in the north end of the rink's basement.[2] The explosions caused no injuries, but shattered the building's glass doors and caused cracks to form in its arch.[2] No culprit was ever identified, and both Yale President Kingman Brewster and New Haven Police Chief James Ahern contended that either pro- or anti-Panther partisans could have planted the devices.[3][4] RenovationsThe building has been renovated by Kevin Roche and Roche-Dinkeloo, the firm which is a direct outgrowth of Eero Saarinen and Associates.[5] In 1991, a new concrete refrigerant slab was added at a cost of $1.5 million.{{cn|date=March 2015}} In 2007, it was announced that the rink would undergo a $23.5 million renovation which would include approximately {{convert|13000|sqft|m2}} of varsity operational space as well as a complete renovation of the facility, including new men's and women's varsity locker rooms, training and strength and conditioning rooms, an added press box, a lower level hockey heritage area, offices for coaches of both programs, a student-athlete study area, new lights, as well as a sound system and de-humidification unit. The lower level interior would also be decorated with photos displaying the history of Yale hockey. These renovations were completed in 2009.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php |title=America's Favorite Architecture |publisher=American Institute of Architects |accessdate=2010-03-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510113118/http://favoritearchitecture.org/afa150.php |archivedate=2011-05-10 |df= }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Bass |first1=Paul |last2=Rae |first2=Douglas |authorlink2=Douglas W. Rae |title=Murder in the Model City: The Black Panthers, Yale, and the Redemption of a Killer |publisher=Basic Books |year=2006 |pages=159–160}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Kalman |first=Laura |title=Yale Law School and the Sixties: Revolt and Reverberations |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2006 |page=212 |quote=But when a bomb hit Ingalls Rink during May Day weekend, Brewster, who was anathema to the Nixon administration, "considered it equally likely that the bomb could have been set by a provocateur from the left or right."}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Donner |first=Frank |title=Protectors of Privilege: Red Squads and Police Repression in Urban America |publisher=University of California Press |year=1992 |page=326 |quote=A few incidents occurred (the most serious of which was a bombing at the Yale Ingalls Skating Rink; Chief Ahern conjectures that the perpetrators could have been either pro- or anti-Panther), but the weekend passed and the city survived.}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Saarinen’s Work, in 2 Parts, at Yale |first=Benjamin |last=Genocchio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/28/nyregion/28artct.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 28, 2010 |accessdate=2010-03-28}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2009/10/30/the-whale-resurfaces/ |last=Sharif |first=Amir |title=The Whale Resurfaces |newspaper=Yale Daily News |date=30 October 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2015}} External links
9 : Yale Bulldogs ice hockey|Yale University buildings|Indoor ice hockey venues in the United States|College ice hockey venues in the United States|Eero Saarinen structures|Tensile membrane structures|Modernist architecture in Connecticut|Sports venues in New Haven, Connecticut|1958 establishments in Connecticut |
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