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词条 ELA-1
释义

  1. History

     Europa (BEC)  Ariane (ELA)  Vega (ELV) 

  2. Launch History

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{refimprove|date=May 2008}}{{Infobox launch pad
|name = Ensemble de Lancement Ariane 1 / Ensemble de Lancement Vega
|site = Guiana Space Centre
|image = Sentinel-2 and vega.jpg
|caption = Vega rocket on launch pad before the launch of Sentinel-2A in June 2015
|imsize= 325
|short = CECLES, ELA-1, ELV
|location = {{coord|5.236|N|52.775|W}}
|inclination =
|operator = European Space Agency
CNES
|tlaunches = 40
1 Europa
11 Ariane 1
5 Ariane 2
9 Ariane 3
14 Vega
|paddetails = {{Infobox launch pad/pad
|status = Active
|first = 5 November 1971 | first_details = Europa II / STV-4
|last = 22 March 2019 | last_details = Vega / PRISMA
|rockets = Europa II
Ariane 1
Ariane 2
Ariane 3
Vega (active)}}
}}ELA-1, short for Ensemble de Lancement Ariane 1 (French for Ariane Launch Area 1), now named Ensemble de Lancement Vega (short ELV), is a launch pad at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. It has been used to support launches of the Europa rocket, Ariane 1, Ariane 3, and is currently used to launch Vega rockets.[1]

History

Europa (BEC)

ELA-1, at the time designated Base Équatoriale du CECLES (BEC) was constructed as an equatorial launch site for the Europa-II rocket which was being built as part of the ELDO programme. The first launch occurred on 5 November 1971. This was the only flight of the Europa-II, which ended in failure due to a guidance problem. The launch site was mothballed, and later demolished.

Ariane (ELA)

When the Ariane 1 programme was started, to replace the failed ELDO programme, a new launch site was built on the site of the former CECLES pad. This was designated Ensemble de Lancement Ariane (ELA). The first Ariane 1 launch occurred on 24 December 1979. ELA was also used by Ariane 2 and 3 rockets, which first flew on 31 May 1986 and 4 August 1984 respectively. ELA was redesignated ELA-1 when the Ariane 4 entered service in 1988, as this launched from a separate launch pad, designated ELA-2. The Ariane 1 was retired on 22 February 1986, the Ariane 2 on 2 April 1989, and the Ariane 3 on 12 July 1989. ELA was subsequently demolished.

Vega (ELV)

In November 2001 started the redevelopment of the pad to accommodate the Vega rocket and the ELA-1 was redesignated Ensemble de Lancement Vega (ELV).[2] The reconstruction retained the Ariane 1 flame trench and added a new 50m tall retractable vertical assembly building to cover rocket during the preparation, four lighting protection masts and a new launch tower for the rocket. The launchpad is sometimes also designated as Site de Lancement Vega (SLV) and Zone de Lancement Vega (ZLV). Vega made its first launch from the complex on 13 February 2012.

Launch History

N° Date Flight Launcher Payload Result References
1 November 5, 1971F-11Europa 2 satellite mockupFailure}}[3]
2December 24, 1979 L-1Ariane 1CAT-1Success}}[4]
3 May 23, 1980 L-2Firewheel Subsat-1,2,3,4
Amsat P3A
CAT 2		Failure}} [4]
4June 19, 1981 L-3Meteosat 2
Apple
CAT 3		Success}}[4]
5December 20, 1981 L-4MARECS 1
CAT 4		Success}}[4]
6September 10, 1982 L-5MARECS B
Sirio 2		Failure}}[4]
7June 16, 1983 L-6ECS 1
Amsat P3B (Oscar 10)		Success}}[4]
8October 19, 1983 L-7 Intelsat 507Success}}[4]
9March 5, 1984 L-8 Intelsat 508Success}}[4][5]
10 May 23, 1984 V-9 Spacenet F1Success}}[4][5]
11 August 4, 1984 V-10Ariane 3 Eutelsat 2
Telecom 1A		Success}}[5][6]
12 November 10, 1984 V-11 Spacenet F2
MARECS 2		Success}}[5][6]
13 February 8, 1985 V-12 Arabsat 1A
Brasilsat A1		Success}}[5][6]
14 May 8, 1985 V-13 GStar 1
Télécom 1B		Success}}[5][6]
15 July 2, 1985 V-14Ariane 1 GiottoSuccess}}[4][5]
16 September 12, 1985 V-15Ariane 3 Spacenet 3
ECS 3		Failure}}[5][6][7]
17 February 22, 1986 V-16Ariane 1 SPOT 1
Viking		Success}}[4][5][7]
Flight V-17 (Ariane 3) was the first flight to launch from ELA-2 on 28 March 1986 [6][32]
18 May 31, 1986 V-18Ariane 2 Intelsat V-A F 14Failure}}[5][7][8]
19 September 16, 1987 V-19Ariane 3 Aussat A3
ECS 4		Success}}[5][6][7]
Flight V-20 (Ariane 2) launched from ELA-2 on 20 November 1987 [7][32][8]
20 March 11, 1988 V-21Ariane 3 Spacenet 3R
Télécom 1C		Success}}[5][6][7]
Flight V-22 (Maiden flight Ariane 4) launched from ELA-2 on 15 June 1988 [5][7][32]
21 May 17, 1988 V-23Ariane 2 Intelsat V-A F 13Success}}[5][7][8]
22 July 21, 1988 V-24Ariane 3 Insat 1C
ECS 5		Success}}[5][6][7]
Flight V-25 (Ariane 3) launched from ELA-2 on 8 September 1988 [6][7][32]
23 October 28, 1988 V-26Ariane 2 TDF 1Success}}[5][7][8]
24 January 27, 1989 V-28 Intelsat V-A F 15Success}}[5][7][8]
25 April 2, 1989 V-30 Tele-XSuccess}}[5][7][8]
26 July 11, 1989 V-32Ariane 3 Olympus 1Success}}[5][6][7]
Flights V27, V29 and V31 were launched from ELA-2. V27, V29 and V31 were all operated by Ariane 4 rockets[9]
From July 1989 until February 2012, no rockets were launched from ELA-1. As an alternative, ELA-2 and ELA-3 were used.
In November 2001 construction works started to prepare the pad for the lightweight Vega rocket.
27 13 February 2012 VV-01Vega
  • Lares
  • XaTcobeo (cubesat)
  • e-st@r (cubesat)
  • ROBUSTA (cubesat)
  • MaSat-1 (cubesat)
  • Goliat (cubesat)
  • PW-Sat-1 (cubesat)
  • UNICubeSat-GG (cubesat)
Success}} [10]
28 7 May 2013 VV-02
  • Proba V
  • VNREDSat 1A
  • ESTCube-1
Success}} [10]
29 30 April 2014 VV-03 KazEOSat-1Success}} [10]
30 11 February 2015 VV-04 IVX Success}} [10]
31 23 June 2015 VV-05 Sentinel-2A Success}} [10]
32 3 December 2015 VV-06 LISA Pathfinder Success}} [10]
33 16 September 2016 VV-07 PeruSat-1 /
4 Terra Bella satellites 		Success}} [10]
34 5 December 2016 VV-08 Göktürk-1A Success}} [10]
35 9 March 2017 VV-09 Sentinel-2B Success}} [10]
36 2 August 2017 VV-10 OPTSAT-3000
VENµS 		Success}}
37 8 November 2017 VV-11 2 MN35-13 satellites Success}}
38 22 August 2018 VV-12 ADM-Aeolus Success}}
39 21 November 2018 VV-13 Mohammed VI-B Success}}
40 22 March 2019 VV-14 PRISMA Success}}
Situation on {{Date|2019-03-22}}

See also

  • Ariane 1
  • Ariane 2
  • Ariane 3
  • Ariane (rocket family)
  • Europa
  • Vega
  • ELA-2
  • Guiana Space Centre

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.arianespace.com/spaceport-facility/operations/|title = Operations|date = |accessdate = 2015-12-31|website = |publisher = Arianespace|last = |first = }}
2. ^{{Cite web|url = https://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/VEGA/ELV.htm|title = BEC, ELA, ELV, d'EUROPA à VEGA| accessdate = 2018-08-23|website = |publisher = Capcomespace | |language=French }}
3. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/fam/europa.htm |title = Europa |date = |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |publisher = |access-date = 2015-12-31 |quote = |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171108000000/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/europa.htm |archivedate = 2017-11-08 |df = }}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane1.htm |title = Ariane 1 |date = |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |publisher = |access-date = 2015-12-31 |quote = }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 {{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm |title = Kourou ELA 1 |date = |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |publisher = |access-date = 2015-12-31 |quote = |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180126000000/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela1.htm |archivedate = 2018-01-26 |df = }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane3.htm |title = Ariane 3 |date = |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |publisher = |access-date = 2015-12-31 |quote = }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite book |last=Harvey|first=Brian|title= Europe's Space Programme: To Ariane and Beyond |publisher=Book Springer Science & Business Media|date=February 14, 2003 |pages=358–361 |chapter=List of European space launchings |isbn=978-1-852-33722-3}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/fam/ariane2.htm |title = Ariane 2 |date = |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |publisher = |access-date = 2015-12-31 |quote = }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htm |title = Kourou ELA-2 |date = |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |publisher = |access-date = 2015-12-31 |quote = |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100201090427/http://astronautix.com/sites/kouuela2.htm |archivedate = 2010-02-01 |df = }}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web | url = http://www.arianespace.com/vega-milestones/ | title = Vega Milestones | date = | website = | publisher = Arianespace | access-date = 2015-12-31 | quote = }}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}

External links

  • [https://www.webcitation.org/68oCaUJZJ?url=http://www.astronautix.com/sites/kourou.htm Encyclopedia Astronautica - Kourou]
{{CSG launch sites}}{{Ariane}}

1 : Guiana Space Centre
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