“Ingenuus”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Ingenuus

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Notes
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{{Infobox Roman emperor||name=Ingenuus|full name=Ingenuus|title=Usurper of the Roman Empire|image=Ingenuus.jpg|caption=Ingenuus from Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum|reign=260^[1]|predecessor=Valerian|successor=Gallienus|spouse 1=|spouse 2=|issue=|dynasty=|father=|mother=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=260|death_place=Mursa Major, Pannonia Inferior|place of burial=|regnal name=Imperator Caesar Ingenuus Augustus}}{{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}}

This article is about the Roman commander named Ingenuus. For the Roman legal term for a freeborn man, see ingenui.

Ingenuus was a Roman military commander, the imperial legate in Pannonia,{{cn|date=August 2018}} who became a usurper to the throne of the emperor Gallienus when he led a brief and unsuccessful revolt in the year 260.^[2] Appointed by Gallienus himself,^[3] Ingenuus served him well by repulsing a Sarmatian invasion and securing the Pannonian border, at least temporarily. Ingenuus had also been charged with the military education of Caesar Cornelius Licinius Valerianus, the young son of Emperor Gallienus, but after the boy's death in 258, his position became perilous.^[3]

A well-liked and admired commander,{{cn|date=August 2018}} Ingenuus found an opportunity to become the Roman Emperor when Valerian was captured and killed by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire.^[1] Throwing off their allegiance to Valerian's son, the legions of Moesia proclaimed Ingenuus Roman Emperor at Sirmium in 260.^[1] Gallienus was in Germania on the Rhine frontier,{{cn|date=August 2018}} so he acted quickly by recalling troops from Gaul and after a rapid march he met Ingenuus on the battlefield at Mursa.^[1] The troops of Ingenuus were defeated, as Gallienus' general, Aureolus, used to great effect the advantage given by the mobility of an improved cavalry component of the army, which was the remarkable military innovation wanted by the Emperor.^[3]

Ingenuus died after the battle by drowning himself in a nearby river to avoid capture.{{cn|date=August 2018}}

Notes

1. ^¹²³Jones, pg. 457
2. ^Peachin, p.40; p.83
3. ^¹²Leadbetter, [www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm Ingenuus]

References

{{Cite web |url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/ingen.htm |title=Ingenuus (260 A.D.) |author=Leadbetter, William |year=1998 |publisher=De Imperatoribus Romanis |accessdate=2010-12-25 }}
{{Cite book |title=The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395 |last=Jones |first=A.H.M. |author2=Martindale, J.R. |year=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= |oclc=490356338 }}
{{Cite book |title=Roman imperial titulature and chronology, A.D. 235-284 |last=Peachin |first=Michael |year=1990 |publisher=Gieben |location=Amsterdam |isbn= |oclc=21388903 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rM4iAQAAIAAJ&q=ingenuus&dq=ingenuus|accessdate=2010-12-25 }}

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