| 词条 | Ingham, Queensland |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Ingham | state = qld | image = Ingham clock.jpg | caption = Clock at Rotary park | image_alt = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|18|39|0|S|146|10|0|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | map_alt = | pop = 4,357 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 1864 | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 4850 | elevation = 11.8 | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | dist1 = 107 | dir1 = | location1 = Townsville | dist2 = 235 | dir2 = | location2 = Cairns | dist3 = 1437 | dir3 = | location3 = Brisbane | lga = Shire of Hinchinbrook | seat = | region = | county = Cardwell | division = | stategov = Hinchinbrook | fedgov = Kennedy | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_footnotes = | managing_authorities = | url = | maxtemp = 29.1 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 18.8 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 2046.5 | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = Gairloch | near-ne = Foresthome | near-e = Victoria Plantation | near-se = Blackrock | near-s = Toobanna | near-sw = Trebonne | near-w = Trebonne | near-nw = Hawkings Creek | footnotes = }} Ingham is a town and locality in the Shire of Hinchinbrook, North Queensland, Australia.[2][3] It is the administrative centre for the Shire of Hinchinbrook. GeographyIngham is approximately {{convert|110|km|mi}} north of Townsville and {{convert|1437|km|mi}} north of the state capital, Brisbane. The town is positioned about 17 km inland within the Herbert River floodplain where Palm Creek drains the low-lying lands. It is surrounded by sugar cane farms which are serviced by a number of private railways. The North Coast railway line passes through the town, which is served by the Ingham railway station. The Bruce Highway also passes through the town.[4] HistoryPrior to European settlement, the Ingham area was inhabited by the Warakamai People.[5] The town was founded in 1864. It was gazetted as the local government area Hinchinbrook Division in 1879, becoming the Shire of Hinchinbrook in 1903. The town is named after William Bairstow Ingham, a pioneer sugar planter on the Herbert River in 1874.[2][3] Lower Herbert Post Office opened on 1 January 1871 and was renamed Ingham in 1882.[6] A gaol opened in July 1886; previously there had only been a police lock-up.[7] The town has a strong Italian and Spanish history with the 1920s and 1930s seeing a large influx of immigrants from these countries.[8][9] The Black Hand Gang, made up of some of these immigrants, terrorised the town in the 1930s with bribery and corruption forming a dark chapter in the towns history.[10][11] Ingham State High School opened on 2 February 1952. Ingham State School opened on 4 May 1855 and celebrated its Golden Jubilee in December 1935.[12][13] The current Hinchinbrook Shire Library opened in 2011 in Ingham.[14] At the 2011 Australian Census the town recorded a population of 4,706.[15] In March 2018, flood waters inundated properties in Ingham following heavy rain.[16] IndustryIngham is the service centre for many sugarcane plantations, which are serviced by the two sugar mills located in the Ingham district: Victoria Sugar Mill (located approximately 6 km from Ingham), which is the largest sugar mill in Australia and one of the largest in the southern hemisphere,[17] and Macknade Mill, which is the oldest operating sugar mill in Queensland. Both mills are owned and operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia Limited. The majority of the cane is transported to the mills by light tramlines.[18] Once processed by the mills, the raw sugar is then transported by tramline to the bulk sugar terminal at the nearby seaside port of Lucinda and loaded onto ships for export via the longest pier in the southern hemisphere (4.75 km long). Other industries in the Ingham area include cattle, watermelons, rice, horticulture, fishing, timber and tourism. AttractionsThe town is home to the regional art gallery called TYTO Regional Art Gallery which sits alongside the TYTO Wetlands and Enrico's Restaurant. In the same precinct is the Hinchinbrook Shire Library located at 73-75 McIllwraith Street.[19] Wallaman Falls are about 40 km to the west of the town. Hinchinbrook Island is about 20 km north of Ingham. Australian-Italian FestivalThe Australian-Italian Festival is held in Ingham the first weekend in August each year and is one of the most popular events in the region, with thousands of people attending the event. The festival celebrates Ingham's cultural background, dating from the 1890s, when the first Italian immigrants came to the region. More than half the population of the town are of Italian descent.[20] The town is known as "Little Italy".[21] The annual festival, held at TYTO Wetlands, began as an idea from a community workshop.[20] Many Italians visit from Italy to celebrate the event,{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} reinforcing the cultural ties between the inhabitants of Ingham and Italy. Heritage listingsIngham has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Notable residentsNotable individuals born in Ingham include:
ClimateIngham has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Like the rest of Far North Queensland, it has a very humid and hot wet season that runs from November to April and a less humid and warm dry season that runs from May to October. Ingham is part of the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion. {{Weather box|location = Ingham |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 32.4 |Feb high C = 31.7 |Mar high C = 30.8 |Apr high C = 29.1 |May high C = 27.1 |Jun high C = 25.2 |Jul high C = 24.9 |Aug high C = 26.2 |Sep high C = 28.4 |Oct high C = 30.4 |Nov high C = 31.8 |Dec high C = 32.5 |year high C = 29.2 |Jan low C = 23.0 |Feb low C = 23.2 |Mar low C = 22.3 |Apr low C = 20.3 |May low C = 17.8 |Jun low C = 14.8 |Jul low C = 13.7 |Aug low C = 14.3 |Sep low C = 16.0 |Oct low C = 18.4 |Nov low C = 20.7 |Dec low C = 22.1 |year low C = 18.9 |Jan precipitation mm = 380.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 470.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 381.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 203.0 |May precipitation mm = 107.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 46.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 35.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 37.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 39.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 51.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 121.0 |Dec precipitation mm = 197.6 |year precipitation mm = 2141.6 |source 1 = [28] |date=August 2010 }} MediaThe Herbert River Express is a newspaper published in Ingham since 1904.[29][30] Cyclone shelterFollowing the devastation caused by cyclone Yasi in Far North Queensland in February 2011, Ingham is one of a number of towns where a cyclone shelter was built. The Ingham cyclone shelter is capable of withstanding winds of more than {{convert|300|km|mi}} per hour, as experienced in a category five cyclone. The building serves as a multi-purpose sports facility for the Ingham State High School while in a cyclone it provides shelter for up to 800 people. The shelter was opened by Premier Campbell Newman in January 2013.[31] See also{{Portal|Queensland}}References1. ^{{census 2016 AUS|id = UCL315041|name = Ingham (Urban Centre/Locality)|accessdate = 23 January 2018|quick=on}} 2. ^1 {{cite QPN|16673|Ingham|town|accessdate=15 August 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite QPN|49502|Ingham|locality|accessdate=15 August 2016}} 4. ^{{Queensland Globe|accessdate=15 August 2016}} 5. ^{{Cite web | title = Warakamai People | publisher = AusAnthrop Australian Aboriginal tribal database | url = http://www.ausanthrop.net/resources/ausanthrop_db/detail.php?id_search=535 | accessdate = 1 December 2014 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141204025959/http://www.ausanthrop.net/resources/ausanthrop_db/detail.php?id_search=535 | archivedate = 4 December 2014 | df = dmy-all }} 6. ^{{Cite web | last = Premier Postal History | title = Post Office List | publisher = Premier Postal Auctions | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country= | accessdate = 10 May 2014 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140515223132/http://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=QLD&country= | archivedate = 15 May 2014 | df = dmy-all }} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4489248|title=OFFICIAL NOTIFICATIONS.|date=19 July 1886|newspaper=The Brisbane Courier|accessdate=9 October 2017|issue=8,895|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=XLII,|page=6|via=National Library of Australia}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_207962/DU270_J33_1978_pp197_214.pdf?Expires=1515574502&Signature=XpCG1xsBvhyb1otJG8z6T8HgiT4GvwvQO8ZEbw3p9yuoW5vnQ9yVFvOGJACpqYfCMIsTfjIMTwN9g9EonDTH4brtPXjZG~Q5dD1BnaqieSVvQ7XnogXep4B0pAgVvZjj1nJD-oNTk59FQAapmPSo-ORhhVijTZR7QOEnwiSd0EM4iCPdnLIhMO8SnzbrJKJAMsRhDDul6jdPWk9XMLdwEghGxdMKpJDpiyQY3sb2wJaLRdxWd5lS1oeMYQFi9KGiG6We8TyJ4iPHOYvk4wKlSQ~3QDV-3MgxVS3O~lp-Zj8ab5OyFcmvF0vwNSeqDg0YNULkCNW4sk7S3wiDoKY2UA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ|title=ITALIANS IN THE HINCHINBROOK SHIRE, 1921-1939: MOTIVES FOR MIGRATION|last=Henderson|first=Lyn|date=1978|website=espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:207962|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109085210/https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_207962/DU270_J33_1978_pp197_214.pdf?Expires=1515574324&Signature=NzB7G8ZmzfAob3tnx9J7bMGjnccyLUEw-hzhRWjqsB9C-cBVLiB7zFQnmnCyTkkoEU~ixcDq1LPtmnGcoQD0TpDPCBj3AtcO6t50pLOBpqbBbTQ~V1Rzrs3hVlpodW06IgFImH22wwkBq3mrATfMUSa4TUgwWOpfzjovu1GYV08sD2iiwG4C-tPftJOqGsy~znmbz4biP8dtSif06WNNt5wFmJZ52vALtlF5mselgK4xd4J-DoEfV2kHw0g50X5bJE2gQ5soAp-2TJ0mBwNby0Ay1R8RCI9~gcIgn~wrApvZok5IU4g6BW9763S~UEp8JiLYvE8jhmAkU6bmGM5-rQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ|archive-date=9 January 2018|dead-url=yes|access-date=9 January 2018}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/land/heritage/is_qhr_migration_places.pdf|title=Queensland Heritage Register Migration Places|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Queensland Government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109091150/https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/land/heritage/is_qhr_migration_places.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=9 January 2018}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/in-search-of-the-truth-of-north-queenslands-black-hand-gang/7338764|title=Unravelling an enigma: In search of the truth of North Queensland's Black Hand|date=9 May 2016|work=Radio National|access-date=9 January 2018|language=en-AU|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015183227/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/in-search-of-the-truth-of-north-queenslands-black-hand-gang/7338764|archivedate=15 October 2017|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/my-very-good-friend:-part-2/7338790|title=The Black Hand Gang: part two|date=21 April 2016|website=Radio National|language=en-AU|access-date=9 January 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511150425/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/my-very-good-friend:-part-2/7338790|archivedate=11 May 2016|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://education.qld.gov.au/library/edhistory/celebrations/dates/h.html|title=Opening and closing dates of schools in Queensland|last=|first=|date=|website=Education Queensland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201084305/http://education.qld.gov.au/library/edhistory/celebrations/dates/h.html|archive-date=1 February 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=3 February 2018|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62672291|title=INGHAM STATE SCHOOL|date=7 December 1935|newspaper=Townsville Daily Bulletin|accessdate=3 February 2018|issue=351|location=Queensland, Australia|volume=LVII,|page=7|via=National Library of Australia}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|title=Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17|last=|first=|date=November 2017|website=Public Libraries Connect|publisher=State Library Queensland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130022546/http://www.plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/388497/SLQ_StatsBulletin1617_20171109.pdf|archive-date=30 January 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=31 January 2018|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{census 2011 AUS|id = UCL315044|name = Ingham (Urban Centre/Locality)|accessdate = 17 August 2014|quick=on}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-09/more-than-200-homes-inundated-as-ingham-flood-peaks-north-qld/9533586|title=North Queensland flood: More than 200 homes inundated as Ingham flood peaks|last=|first=|date=10 March 2018|work=ABC News|access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310233446/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-09/more-than-200-homes-inundated-as-ingham-flood-peaks-north-qld/9533586|archive-date=11 March 2018|dead-url=no}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageaustralia.com.au/search.php?state=QLD®ion=93&view=1230 |title=Historical Towns Directory: Ingham |publisher=Heritage Australia Publishing |accessdate=17 May 2012 }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=Kerry Raymond |fix-attempted=yes }} 18. ^The Tramways of the Ingham District Verhoeven, G Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, June 1971 pp122-131 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/networking/directory-of-public-libraries/branches/hinchinbrook/hinchinbrook_library|title=Hinchinbrook Library|last=|first=|date=|website=State Library of Queensland|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174318/http://plconnect.slq.qld.gov.au/networking/directory-of-public-libraries/branches/hinchinbrook/hinchinbrook_library|archive-date=10 January 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=9 January 2018|df=dmy-all}} 20. ^1 Australian Italian Festival Ingham {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323100702/http://www.australianitalianfestival.com.au/ |date=23 March 2008 }}. Retrieved on 17 May 2012. 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.queensland.com/en-us/destination%20information/ingham|title=Imgham|last=|first=|date=|website=Tourism and Events Queenslan|publisher=Queensland Government|access-date=15 August 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917195023/http://www.queensland.com/en-us/destination%20information/ingham|archivedate=17 September 2016|df=dmy-all}} 22. ^{{cite QHR|3944|Gairloch Bridge|602591|accessdate=9 July 2013}} 23. ^{{cite AHD|106200|Ingham Post Office|fn=4/05/256/0003|accessdate=1 October 2018}} 24. ^{{cite QHR|17014|5 Lynch Street|602193|accessdate=9 July 2013}} 25. ^{{cite QHR|3847|Ingham Court House|601546|accessdate=9 July 2013}} 26. ^{{Citation|title=Destination Saigon : adventures in Vietnam|publication-date=2008|author1=Mason, Walter|publisher=Inspired Living / Allen & Unwin|isbn=978-1-74175-949-5}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.waltermason.com/2008/09/tina-arena.html|title=Tina Arena|publisher=Walter Mason|accessdate=15 September 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802161805/http://www.waltermason.com/2008/09/tina-arena.html|archivedate=2 August 2014|df=dmy-all}} 28. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_032078.shtml | title = Climate statistics for Ingham | accessdate = 1 January 2010 | publisher = Australian Bureau of Meteorology | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6EUQDkh5f?url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_032078.shtml | archivedate = 17 February 2013 | df = dmy-all }} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.jcu.edu.au/library/find/books,-dvds-and-more/special-collections/historical-notes-on-north-queensland-newspapers|title=Historical Notes on North Queensland Newspapers|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=James Cook University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109222013/https://www.jcu.edu.au/library/find/books,-dvds-and-more/special-collections/historical-notes-on-north-queensland-newspapers|archive-date=9 November 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=10 November 2017}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newscorpaustralia.com/brand/herbert-river-express|title=Herbert River Express|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=News Corp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109222259/http://www.newscorpaustralia.com/brand/herbert-river-express|archive-date=9 November 2017|dead-url=no|access-date=10 November 2017}} 31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2013/1/16/world-class-cyclone-shelter-for-ingham|title=World class cyclone shelter for Ingham|author=|accessdate=11 April 2014|date=16 January 2013|work=Department of the Premier and Cabinet|publisher=Queensland Government|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154624/http://statements.qld.gov.au/Statement/2013/1/16/world-class-cyclone-shelter-for-ingham|archivedate=13 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} External links{{Commons category}}
6 : North Queensland|Towns in Queensland|Populated places established in 1864|Shire of Hinchinbrook|1864 establishments in Australia|Ingham, Queensland |
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