| 词条 | Electronic Frontier Foundation |
| 释义 |
| name = Electronic Frontier Foundation | image = | caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | purpose = Digital rights, Internet activism, lobbying, and litigation | type = 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization | tax_id = 04-3091431 | registration_id = | founded_date = {{Start date and age|1990|07|06}} | founders = Mitch Kapor John Perry Barlow John Gilmore[1] | predecessor = | dissolved = | location = 815 Eddy Street, San Francisco, California, U.S. | addnl_location = | coordinates = {{Coord|37.78262|-122.42158|format=dms|type:landmark_region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} | origins = | key_people = | area_served = International | products = | services = | focus = | method = | revenue = $11.8 million (2016)[2] | leader_title = Chairman | leader_name = Brian Behlendorf[3] | leader_title2 = Executive director | leader_name2 = Cindy Cohn[4] | disbursed = | expenses = | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = 77[2] | num_members = | affiliations = | subsid = | owner = | motto = | formerly = | website = {{URL|https://www.eff.org}} | footnotes = }} The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. The foundation was formed in July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet civil liberties. EFF provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use and solicits a list of what it considers abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers without merit. EFF also provides tips, tools, how-tos, tutorials, and software for safer online communications.[5][6] History{{details|Timeline of Electronic Frontier Foundation actions}}{{triple image|right|MitchKapor.jpg|100|John Gilmore.jpg|93|John Perry Barlow cropped.jpg|111|Electronic Frontier Foundation founders Kapor, Gilmore and Barlow|||Mitch Kapor|John Gilmore|John Perry Barlow}}FoundationThe Electronic Frontier Foundation was formed in July 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor in response to a series of actions by law enforcement agencies that led them to conclude that the authorities were gravely uninformed about emerging forms of online communication,[8] and that there was a need for increased protection for Internet civil liberties. In April 1990, Barlow had been visited by a U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation agent in relation to the theft and distribution of the source code for a series of Macintosh ROMs. Barlow described the visit as "complicated by [the agent's] fairly complete unfamiliarity with computer technology. I realized right away that before I could demonstrate my innocence, I would first have to explain to him what guilt might be." Barlow felt that his experience was symptomatic of a "great paroxysm of governmental confusion during which everyone's liberties would become at risk". Barlow posted an account of this experience to The WELL online community and was contacted by Mitch Kapor, who had had a similar experience. The pair agreed that there was a need to defend civil liberties on the Internet. Kapor agreed to fund any legal fees associated with such a defense and the pair contacted New York lawyers Rabinowitz, Boudin, Standard, Krinsky and Lieberman about defending several computer hackers from a Harper's magazine forum on computers and freedom who had been the target of Secret Service raids.[7] This generated a large amount of publicity which led to offers of financial support from John Gilmore and Steve Wozniak. Barlow and Kapor continued to research conflicts between the government and technology and in June 1990, Barlow posted online the influential article entitled "Crime & Puzzlement" in which Barlow announced his and Kapor's plans to create an organization to "raise and disburse funds for education, lobbying, and litigation in the areas relating to digital speech and the extension of the Constitution into Cyberspace."[8] This generated further reaction and support for the ideas of Barlow and Kapor. In late June, Barlow held a series of dinners in San Francisco with major figures in the computer industry to develop a coherent response to these perceived threats. Barlow considered that: "The actions of the FBI and Secret Service were symptoms of a growing social crisis: Future Shock. America was entering the Information Age with neither laws nor metaphors for the appropriate protection and conveyance of information itself."[9] Barlow felt that to confront this a formal organization would be needed; he hired Cathy Cook as press coordinator, and began to set up what would become the Electronic Frontier Foundation. The Electronic Frontier Foundation was formally founded on July 10, 1990, by Kapor and Barlow, who very soon after elected Gilmore, Wozniak, and Stewart Brand to join them on the Board of Directors.[9] Initial funding was provided by Kapor, Wozniak, and an anonymous benefactor.[10][11] In 1990, Mike Godwin joined the organization as its first staff counsel. Then in 1991, Esther Dyson and Jerry Berman joined the EFF board of directors. By 1992, Cliff Figallo became the director of the original office, and in December 1992, Jerry Berman became the acting executive director of the organization as a whole, based in a new second office. Early casesThe creation of the organization was motivated by the massive search and seizure on Steve Jackson Games executed by the United States Secret Service early in 1990. Similar but officially unconnected law-enforcement raids were being conducted across the United States at about that time as part of a state–federal task force called Operation Sundevil. GURPS Cyberpunk, one of the game company's projects, was mistakenly labeled as a handbook for computer crime,[12] and the Secret Service raided the offices of Steve Jackson Games. The search warrant for the raid was deemed hastily issued, and the games company soon after claimed unauthorized access as well as tampering of their emails. While phone calls were protected by legislation, digital emails were an early concept and had not been considered to fall under the right to personal privacy. The Steve Jackson Games case was EFF's first high-profile case, was the major rallying point around which EFF began promoting computer- and Internet-related civil liberties.[13]{{failed verification|date=February 2019|reason=This is the court decision itself and does not describe EFF's role}} EFF's second big case was Bernstein v. United States led by Cindy Cohn, in which programmer and professor Daniel J. Bernstein sued the government for permission to publish his encryption software, Snuffle, and a paper describing it. More recently, the organization has been involved in defending Edward Felten, Jon Lech Johansen and Dmitry Sklyarov. Expansion and development{{refimprove section|date=October 2017}}The organization was originally located at Mitch Kapor's Kapor Enterprises offices.[14] By the fall of 1993, the main EFF offices were consolidated into a single office,[14] headed by Executive Director Jerry Berman. During this time, some of EFF's attention focused on influencing national policy,[14] to the dislike of some of the members of the organization.[14][15] In 1994, Berman parted ways with EFF and formed the Center for Democracy and Technology,[14] while Drew Taubman briefly took the reins as executive director. In 1995, under the auspices of Executive Director Lori Fena, after some downsizing and in an effort to regroup and refocus on their base of support, the organization moved offices to San Francisco, California.[14][15] There, it took up temporary residence at John Gilmore's Toad Hall, and soon afterward moved into the Hamm's Building at 1550 Bryant St. After Fena moved onto the EFF board of directors for a while, the organization was led briefly by Tara Lemmey, followed by Barry Steinhardt (who had come from the closely allied Technology and Liberty Program at the American Civil Liberties Union, and eventually returned to the ACLU). Not long before EFF's move into new offices at 454 Shotwell St. in SF's Mission District, Mike Godwin departed, long-time Legal Director Shari Steele was appointed as executive director, and staff attorney Cindy Cohn became the legal director. In the spring of 2006, EFF announced the opening of an office again in Washington, D.C., with two new staff attorneys.[16] In 2012, EFF began a fundraising campaign for the renovation of a building located at 815 Eddy Street in San Francisco, to serve as its new headquarters.[17] The move was completed in April, 2013.[18] On April 1, 2015, Shari Steele stepped down as Executive Director.[19] Cindy Cohn became the new executive director, Corynne McSherry became the legal director, and Kurt Opsahl became the general counsel. DES cracker{{main|EFF DES cracker}}By the mid-1990s the EFF was becoming seriously concerned about the refusal of the US Government to license any secure encryption product for export unless it utilized key recovery and claims that governments could not decrypt information when protected by DES, continuing even after the public breaking of the code in the first of the DES Challenges. They coordinated and supported the construction of the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed Deep Crack), using special purpose hardware and software and costing only $210,000.[20][21] This brought the record for breaking a message down to 56 hours on 17 July 1998 and to under 24 hours on 19 Jan 1999 (in conjunction with distributed.net). The EFF published the plans and source code for the cracker.[22] Within four years the Advanced Encryption Standard was standardized as a replacement for DES.[23] ActivitiesLegislative activityThe EFF is a leading supporter of the Email Privacy Act.[24] Litigation{{Main|List of litigation involving the Electronic Frontier Foundation}}The EFF regularly brings and defends lawsuits at all levels of the US legal system in pursuit of its goals and objectives. The EFF has long taken a stance against strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPP) as attempts to stymie free speech and advocated for effective anti-SLAPP legislation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} Many of the most significant technology law cases have involved the EFF, including MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., Apple v. Does, and others. AwardsThe EFF organizes two sets of awards to promote work in accordance with its goals and objectives: The EFF Pioneer Awards are awarded annually to recognize individuals who in its opinion are "leaders who are extending freedom and innovation on the electronic frontier."[25] In 2017, the honorees were Chelsea Manning, Mike Masnick and Annie Game.[26] The EFF Cooperative Computing Awards are a series of four awards meant "to encourage ordinary Internet users to contribute to solving huge scientific problems," to be awarded to the first individual or group who discovers a prime number with a significant record number of decimal digits. The awards are funded by an anonymous donor.[27] The awards are:
Patent Busting ProjectThe Patent Busting Project is an Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) initiative challenging patents that the organization claims are illegitimate and suppress innovation or limit online expression. The initiative launched on April 19, 2004 and involves two phases: documenting the damage caused by these patents, and submitting challenges to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). PublicationsEFF publishes through several outlets such as the online periodical EFFector (ISSN 1062-9424),[30] as well as its websites, blogs, and on social networking services. EFF's first book was published in 1993 as The Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet, a beginners' how-to manual by contracted technical writer Adam Gaffin, and made available for free download in many formats. MIT Press published it in paperback form in 1994 as Everybody's Guide to the Internet ({{ISBN|9780262571050}}). The online edition was updated regularly throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, and translated into dozens of languages. The organization's second book, Protecting Yourself Online ({{ISBN|9780062515124}}), an overview of digital civil liberties, was written in 1998 by technical writer Robert B. Gelman and EFF Communications Director Stanton McCandlish, and published by HarperCollins. A third book, Cracking DES: Secrets of Encryption Research, Wiretap Politics & Chip Design ({{ISBN|9781565925205}}), focusing on EFF's DES Cracker project, was published the same year by O'Reilly Media. A digital book, Pwning Tomorrow, an anthology of speculative fiction, was produced in 2015 as part of EFF's 25th anniversary activities, and includes contributions from 22 writers, including Charlie Jane Anders, Paolo Bacigalupi, Lauren Beukes, David Brin, Pat Cadigan, Cory Doctorow, Neil Gaiman, Eileen Gunn, Kameron Hurley, James Patrick Kelly, Ramez Naam, Annalee Newitz, Hannu Rajaniemi, Rudy Rucker, Lewis Shiner, Bruce Sterling, and Charles Yu.[31] The Electronic Frontier Foundation's blog, DeepLinks, is a major section of its main website at EFF.org. The EFF sent a video message of support to global grassroots movement CryptoParty.[32] Recent activismThe EFF was active in the United States presidential election 2016 because of online phishing related to the controversy over fabrication of election results. J. Alex Halderman, a computer security professor at the University of Michigan, wrote an article that was published in Medium in 2016 stating he thought it was advisable to have a recount on some of the election results from states like Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.[33] In retaliation for Halderman standing up for the uncertain election results, a hacker sent anti-Semitic and racist emails to students at University of Michigan signed from Halderman. The EFF publicizes these controversies and promotes the reduction of online phishing.[34] SoftwareThe EFF has developed some software and browser add-ons, including Switzerland, HTTPS Everywhere, and Privacy Badger. Secure Messaging ScorecardThe EFF has also conducted a project named Secure Messaging Scorecard which "evaluated apps and tools based on a set of seven specific criteria ranging from whether messages were encrypted in transit to whether or not the code had been recently audited."[35] Version 1.0 is accessible [https://www.eff.org/node/82654 here]. {{as of|2017|April|21|df=US}}, a revised version is under development.[35] SupportCharity Navigator has given the EFF an overall rating of four out of four stars, including four stars for its financial efficiency and capacity.[36]FinancialEFF {{as of|2014|lc=y}} had $23 million in assets,[47] having received multiple grants or donations above 1 million dollars in its history. On February 18, 2004, the EFF announced that it had received a bequest of US$1.2 million from the estate of EFF member Leonard Zubkoff, a software developer and entrepreneur.[37] It used $1 million of this money to establish the EFF Endowment Fund for Digital Civil Liberties. Beginning in 2010, the EFF began regularly receiving income from the Humble Indie Bundle. In 2010, these donations made up 14% of EFF's total revenue.[38] Between 2011 and 2014, the amount received from Humble Bundle reached $7.5 million or 23% of the EFF total revenues.[39][40][41] In 2011, the EFF received $1 million from Google as part of a settlement of a class action related to privacy issues involving Google Buzz. The Electronic Privacy Information Center and seven other privacy-focused nonprofits protested that the plaintiffs' lawyers and Google had, in effect, arranged to give the majority of those funds "to organizations that are currently paid by Google to lobby for or to consult for the company." An additional $1 million was obtained from Facebook in a similar settlement.[42] In December 2014, the Adams Charitable Foundation granted EFF a $3 million endowment to fund the new Adams Chair for Internet Rights.[39] OtherThe agitprop art group Psychological Industries has independently issued buttons with pop culture tropes such as the logo of the Laughing Man from the anime series Stand Alone Complex (with the original The Catcher in the Rye quotation replaced with the slogan of Anonymous), a bleeding roller derby jammer, and the "We Can Do It!" woman (often misidentified as Rosie the Riveter) on a series of buttons on behalf of the EFF.[43] In late June 2014 the EFF flew a GEFA-FLUG AS 105 GD/4[44] blimp owned by, and in conjunction with, Greenpeace over the NSA's Bluffdale-based Utah Data Center in protest against its purported illegal spying.[45] CriticismYasha Levine, writing for magazine The Baffler, described the EFF as astroturf created and funded by Silicon Valley, stating they don't actually defend rights for the users of Internet platforms, instead defending large Internet companies (which are, according to him, EFF's biggest benefactors) by lobbying for said companies' interests and deviating attention from their business practices (especially regarding copyright and privacy) to government practices regarding privacy and censorship, as well as actually lobbying in ways that actively harm Internet users.[46]See also{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=yes}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/about/history | title=A History of Protecting Freedom Where Law and Technology Collide |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=February 20, 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/document/public-990-fiscal-year-2016 | title=Public 990 – Fiscal Year 2016 |date=2017 |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=December 27, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/about/board | title=Board of Directors |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=February 20, 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/press/releases/cindy-cohn-become-effs-new-executive-director-2015 |date=November 5, 2014 |title=Cindy Cohn to Become EFF's New Executive Director in 2015 |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=February 20, 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Tools from EFF's Tech Team|url=https://www.eff.org/pages/tools}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Surveillance Self-Defense|url=https://ssd.eff.org/}} 7. ^1 {{Harvnb|Jones|2003|p=172}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Crime & Puzzlement |last=Barlow |first=John Perry |author-link=John Perry Barlow |date=June 8, 1990 |url=https://w2.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/crime_and_puzzlement_1.html |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=August 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024192834/http://w2.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/crime_and_puzzlement_1.html |archive-date=2014-10-24 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://w2.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/not_too_brief_history.html |title=A Not Terribly Brief History of the Electronic Frontier Foundation |first=John |last=Barlow |date=November 8, 1990 |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=December 12, 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_creation.html |title=Formation documents and mission statement for the EFF |date=July 10, 1990 |last1=Kapor |first1=Mitch |author1-link=Mitch Kapor |last2=Barlow |first2=John Perry |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=September 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204082735/http://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_creation.html |archive-date=2015-12-04 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://weblogsky.com/technopolitics.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061110200326/http://www.weblogsky.com/technopolitics.htm |archive-date=November 10, 2006 |title=TechnoPolitics |first=Jon |last=Lebkowsky |author-link=Jon Lebkowsky |date=January 11, 1997 |website=Weblogsky |access-date=September 11, 2012}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sjgames.com/SS/|title=SJ Games vs. the Secret Service|website=www.sjgames.com|access-date=2018-05-27}} 13. ^{{Citation|title=Steve Jackson Games, Inc. v. US Secret Service|date=October 31, 1994|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3765716184001998475|volume=36|pages=457|accessdate=2018-05-27}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |last=Harris |first=Scott |authorlink= |date=2002 |title=Freedom Fighters of the Digital World |url=http://www.latimes.com:80/features/printedition/magazine/la-000003207jan13.story |work=LA Times |location= |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020117210844/http://www.latimes.com:80/features/printedition/magazine/la-000003207jan13.story |archive-date=2002-01-17 |dead-url=yes }} 15. ^1 {{cite news |last=Timberg |first=Craig |authorlink= |date=2013 |title=Try as it might, anti-surveillance group can’t avoid Washington |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/try-as-it-might-anti-surveillance-group-cant-avoid-washington/2013/10/11/2e14c0a0-2142-11e3-b73c-aab60bf735d0_story.html |work=The Washington Post |location= |access-date=10 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012034255/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/try-as-it-might-anti-surveillance-group-cant-avoid-washington/2013/10/11/2e14c0a0-2142-11e3-b73c-aab60bf735d0_story.html |archive-date=2013-10-12 |dead-url=no }} 16. ^{{cite news |first=Declan |last=McCullagh |author-link=Declan McCullagh |title=EFF reaches out to D.C. with new office | date=2006-04-27 |website=News.CNet.com |publisher=CBS Interactive |url= http://news.cnet.com/2100-1028_3-6065860.html |access-date=September 11, 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/pages/eff-eddy | title=The New EFF HQ |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=December 2, 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/04/eddy-street-era-begins |title=The Eddy Street Era Begins |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=2 December 2014}} 19. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/04/shari-steele-legacy-digital-rights |title=Shari Steele: A Legacy of Digital Rights |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=10 April 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTML/19980716_eff_descracker_pressrel.html |title=EFF DES Cracker Machine Brings Honesty to Crypto Debate |date=July 17, 1998 |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=September 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722025129/https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTML/19980716_eff_descracker_pressrel.html |archive-date=2012-07-22 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 21. ^{{cite web |url=https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTML/19980716_eff_des_faq.html#sources |title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the Electronic Frontier Foundation's 'DES Cracker' Machine |date=July 16, 1998 |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=September 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918165854/http://w2.eff.org/Privacy/Crypto/Crypto_misc/DESCracker/HTML/19980716_eff_des_faq.html#sources |archive-date=2012-09-18 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 22. ^{{cite book|title=Cracking DES - Secrets of Encryption Research, Wiretap Politics & Chip Design|author=Electronic Frontier Foundation|isbn=978-1-56592-520-5|publisher=O'Reilly Media|year=1998|url=http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9781565925205.do}} 23. ^{{Cite journal|last=Burr|first=William E.|date=2003|title=Selecting the advanced encryption standard.|url=http://users.tricity.wsu.edu/~tyson/stuff/Selecting_the_AES.pdf|journal=IEEE Security & Privacy|volume=99|pages=43–52|via=}} 24. ^Sophia Cope, [https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/04/house-advances-email-privacy-act-setting-stage-vital-privacy-reform House Advances Email Privacy Act, Setting the Stage for Vital Privacy Reform], Electronic Frontier Foundation (April 27, 2016). 25. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer |title=EFF Pioneer Awards |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=September 11, 2012}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Whistleblower Chelsea Manning, Techdirt Founder Mike Masnick, and Free Expression Defender Annie Game Named Electronic Frontier Foundation Pioneer Award Winners|url=https://www.eff.org/press/releases/whistleblower-chelsea-manning-techdirt-founder-mike-masnick-and-free-expression|publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation|accessdate=31 August 2017|date=16 August 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/awards/coop |title=EFF Cooperative Computing Awards |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=September 11, 2012}} 28. ^{{cite news |first=Katina |last=Bishop |title=Big Prime Nets Big Prize: EFF Gives $50,000 to Finder of Largest Known Prime Number |date=April 6, 2000 |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |url= https://w2.eff.org/awards/20000406_coopaward_pr.html |access-date=September 11, 2012}} 29. ^{{cite news |first=Landon |last=Knoll |title=Record 12-million-digit Prime Number Nets $100,000 Prize |date=October 14, 2009 |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |url= https://www.eff.org/press/archives/2009/10/14-0 |access-date=September 11, 2012}} 30. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.eff.org/effector/ |title=EFFector |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |issn=1062-9424 |via=EFF.org |access-date=October 9, 2013}} 31. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/12/eff-publishes-pwning-tomorrow-speculative-fiction-anthology |title=EFF Publishes 'Pwning Tomorrow,' a Speculative Fiction Anthology |first=Dave |last=Maass |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |date=December 16, 2015 |access-date=August 10, 2016}} 32. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/cryptopartymelb |dead-url=yes |title=Message from EFF San Francisco to Cryptoparty Melbourne |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |via=YouTube |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130719171319/https://www.youtube.com/cryptopartymelb |archive-date=July 19, 2013 |access-date=July 17, 2013}} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@jhalderm/want-to-know-if-the-election-was-hacked-look-at-the-ballots-c61a6113b0ba|title=Want to Know if the Election was Hacked? Look at the Ballots|last=Halderman|first=J. Alex|date=November 23, 2016|website=Medium|access-date=}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/02/not-okay-professor-smeared-after-advocating-election-integrity|title=Not Okay: Professor Smeared After Advocating for Election Integrity|last=Williams|first=Jamie|date=February 13, 2017|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|access-date=}} 35. ^1 {{cite web|title=Secure Messaging Scorecard|url=https://www.eff.org/secure-messaging-scorecard|publisher=EFF|accessdate=21 April 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=7576 |title=Electronic Frontier Foundation: Overall Score and Rating |work=Charity Navigator |access-date=August 10, 2016}} 37. ^{{cite web |url= https://w2.eff.org/effector/17/5.php#VI |title=Internet Pioneer Gives Over $1.2 Million to EFF to Defend Online Freedom |website=w2.EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=December 8, 2011}} 38. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/07/humble-indie-bundle-epic-win-creators-customers |title=The Humble Indie Bundle: Epic Win for Creators, Customers, and Digital Civil Liberties |first=Richard |last=Esguerra |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |date=July 28, 2011 |access-date=May 19, 2013}} 39. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/files/2015/08/06/2014_statement_of_activities.pdf |format=PDF |title=Statement of Activities: July 2013 – June 2014 |date=2014 |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=August 10, 2016}} 40. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/files/2014/10/29/2013_statement_of_activities.pdf |format=PDF |title=Statement of Activities: July 2012 – June 2012 |date=2013 |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=August 10, 2016}} 41. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.eff.org/files/2014/10/29/2012_statement_of_activities.pdf |format=PDF |title=Statement of Activities: July 2011 – June 2012 |date=2012 |website=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=August 10, 2016}} 42. ^{{cite news |url= http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2012/07/30/google-and-facebooks-new-tactic-in-the-tech-wars/ |title=Google and Facebook's new tactic in the tech wars |last=Parloff |first=Roger |date=July 30, 2012 |work=Fortune |publisher=Time, Inc. |access-date=December 3, 2014}} 43. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.onemillionbuttonsfordigitalfreedom.com/ |title=Greetings Internet Citizen |website=OneMillionButtonsForDigitalFreedom.com |publisher=Discordia Merchandising |access-date=September 11, 2012 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004130434/http://www.onemillionbuttonsfordigitalfreedom.com/ |archivedate=October 4, 2012 |df= }} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://yro.slashdot.org/story/14/06/27/1927213/protesters-launch-a-135-foot-blimp-over-the-nsas-utah-data-center|title=Protesters Launch a 135-Foot Blimp Over the NSA's Utah Data Center - Slashdot|publisher=Yro.slashdot.org|accessdate=2 December 2014}} 45. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.wired.com/2014/06/protestors-launch-a-135-foot-blimp-over-the-nsas-utah-data-center/ |title=Protestors Launch a 135-Foot Blimp Over the NSA's Utah Data Center |first=Andy |last=Greenberg |date=June 27, 2014 |website=Wired.com |publisher=Condé Nast Publications |access-date=December 2, 2014}} 46. ^{{cite magazine |last=Levine |first=Yasha |date=July 2018 |author-link=Yasha Levine |title=All EFF’d Up |url=https://thebaffler.com/salvos/all-effd-up-levine |magazine=The Baffler |location=New York |publisher=The Baffler Foundation |issue=40 |access-date=July 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720153706/https://thebaffler.com/salvos/all-effd-up-levine |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |dead-url=no}} References{{refbegin|30em}}
External links{{Wikinews category|Electronic Frontier Foundation}}{{Commons category|Electronic Frontier Foundation}}
19 : Electronic Frontier Foundation|Access to Knowledge movement|Articles containing video clips|Charities based in California|Civil liberties advocacy groups in the United States|Computer law organizations|Digital rights organizations|Foundations based in the United States|Freedom of expression organizations|Humble Bundle|Intellectual property activism|Internet privacy organizations|Internet-related activism|Mission District, San Francisco|Organizations based in San Francisco|Organizations established in 1990|Politics and technology|Privacy in the United States|Privacy organizations |
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