| 词条 | Eleonore Prochaska |
| 释义 |
|name =Eleonore Prochaska |other_name =August Renz |image =Eleonore Prochaska.jpg |caption = |birth_date ={{Birth date|1785|03|11|df=yes}} |death_date ={{Death date and age|1813|10|05|1785|03|11|df=yes}} |birth_place = |death_place = |placeofburial = |placeofburial_label = |placeofburial_coordinates = |nickname = |birth_name =Marie Christiane Eleonore Prochaska |allegiance ={{flag|Prussia|23px}} |branch =Army |serviceyears =1813 |rank = |servicenumber = |unit =Lützow Free Corps |commands = |battles =Napoleonic Wars |battles_label = |awards = |relations = |laterwork = |signature = }} Marie Christiane Eleonore Prochaska (11 March 1785 in Potsdam – 5 October 1813 in Dannenberg) was a German woman soldier who fought in the Prussian army against Napoleon during the War of the Sixth Coalition. LifeEleonore's father was NCO in the Prussian guards, on a low income. She grew up poor and was sent by her father to the military orphanage in Potsdam when her mother died. There she later found work as a domestic servant, though she was also interested in the war against Napoleon from an early age. During these wars she disguised herself as a man and registered for 1 Jägerbataillon of the Lützow Free Corps under the name August Renz in 1813, serving first as a drummer, then later in the infantry.[1] She was severely wounded at the Battle of the Göhrde and field-surgeons, rushing to treat her wounds, discovered she was a woman and took her to Dannenberg, where she succumbed to her wounds three weeks later.[2] LegacyIn retrospect, she was strongly idealized as a chaste heroine and honoured as "Potsdam's Joan of Arc" ("die Potsdamer Jeanne d'Arc"). Various plays and poems were written on her life (including those by Friedrich Rückert and Emil Taubert[3]), whilst Ludwig van Beethoven began a "Bühnenmusik" (WoO 96) on her, with a libretto written by Friedrich Duncker. In 1863, a commemorative marker was erected over her grave at St.-Annen-Friedhof in Danneburg and in 1889 her home town of Potsdam created a monument to her memory ("Der Heldenjungfrau zum Gedächtnis", or "In memory of the maiden-heroine"), which still survives in the almost completely cleared Alten Friedhof (old cemetery). In music and literatureLudwig van Beethoven composed incidental music for a play by Johann Friedrich Duncker about the military heroine, entitled Leonore Prohaska. Duncker was Cabinet Secretary for the King of Prussia whom he accompanied to the Congress of Vienna. Despite Duncker's hopes, Leonore Prohaska was not performed in Vienna which may have been due to the fact that the material had already been treated in Piwald's Das Mädchen von Potsdam which did see performance in 1814.[4] ContextEleonore was one of many German women to fight in the Napoleonic Wars, though almost all of them were ejected from the army when it was found out that they were women. The only known exception was Friederike Krüger (1789–1848), who (thanks to the protection of her brigade commander) became the only known female corporal in the Prussian army. Finally she served in 2nd Garde-Regiment zu Fuß. Her request to retire was accepted in 1816 and she returned to civilian life. Johanna Stegen (1793–1842), from Lüneburg, fought as a civilian for the rifle battalion of the 1st Pommerian Infantry Regiment in a battle at Lüneburg where she provided the troops with ammunition. Anna Lühring (1796–1866) in 1814 joined the Lützower Jäger under the name Eduard Kruse and survived the Napoleonic Wars, though her public fame faded quickly. See also
External links
References1. ^{{cite book |first=Klaus Ulrich |last=Keubke |first2=Uwe |last2=Poblenz |title=Die Freikorps Schill und Lützow im Kampf gegen Napoleon |series=Schriften zur Geschichte Mecklenburgs |volume=24 |location=Schwerin |year=2009 |page=76 |language=German}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Prochaska, Eleonore}}2. ^{{cite news|work=Berlinische Nachrichten von Staats- und gelehrten Sachen |title=Cantonnirungs-Quartier Dannenberg, den 7. Oktober |issue=126 |date=21 October 1813 |language=German |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1NAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA82#v=onepage}} 3. ^{{cite book| title=Women and Death 2: Warlike Women in the German Literary and Cultural Imagination Since 1500 |editor-first=Sarah |editor-last=Colvin |editor2-first=Helen |editor2-last=Watanabe-O'Kelly |editor2-link=Helen Watanabe-O'Kelly |page=34 |publisher=Camden House Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=9781571134004}} 4. ^{{cite book |first=H. P. |last=Clive |title=Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780198166726 |page=96}} 9 : 1785 births|1813 deaths|People from Potsdam|Prussian Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars|Military personnel killed in the Napoleonic Wars|Women in 19th-century warfare|Female wartime cross-dressers|19th-century German people|Women in European warfare |
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