“Elisabeth Gilman”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Elisabeth Coit Gilman (December 25, 1867 – December 14, 1950) was an American socialist and civil liberties advocate.

Early life

Elisabeth Coit Gilman was born in New Haven, Connecticut on December 25, 1867 to Daniel Coit Gilman and Mary Ketcham Gilman. Elisabeth was the second child, and had an older sister named Alice. Their mother, Mary, died in 1869 and, as a result, were cared for by Daniel's sister Louise.^[1]

At the age of seven, Elisabeth's father took the post as the first president of Johns Hopkins University and the family moved to Baltimore, Maryland. She was cared for by a governess until her father remarried. In 1877, Daniel married Elisabeth Dwight Woolsey (1838–1910) of the New England Dwight family, with whom Elisabeth Gilman developed a close relationship.

Gilman attended Miss Hall's School until age eleven, when due to eye trouble, she was tutored by her governess at home. When her eyesight improved, Elisabeth attended the Springside School in Philadelphia at age seventeen. It was planned that she would attend Bryn Mawr College.

Political life

Instead of attending Bryn Mawr, Gilman traveled to France as a representative of the National Committee on Surgical Dressings. While in France, she also worked for the YMCA. It was at this time that she was introduced to the concepts of Socialism. When Gilman returned to the United States at the age of twenty, she entered into social work at the request of her father.^[2] Eventually, in 1921, she earned her degree from Johns Hopkins University.

Gilman officially joined the Socialist Party of America on March 1, 1929. She ran for Governor of Maryland in 1930. After running for Governor, she traveled to Russia in 1931 to study the Soviet system. She returned and ran for the United States Senate in 1934 and 1938, Mayor of Baltimore in 1935, and Sheriff of Baltimore in 1942.

Platform

Gilman campaigned for many causes; however, she was mainly involved in workers' rights, civil liberties, and racial equality. In 1921, Elisabeth helped to form The Maryland Civil Liberties Committee; this committee was a precursor to the Maryland Chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union. In 1931, the ACLU would officially establish an affiliate in the state of Maryland; the meeting was held in Gilman's home.^[3]

Gilman also hosted the first public interracial dinner in Baltimore at her home in 1928 when local hotels refused to allow the dinner on their properties. Gilman was also a core member of the National Mooney-Billings Committee, which was "organized to help secure the pardon of Thomas J. Mooney and Warren K. Billings, serving life sentences in California prisons".^[4]

Death

Elisabeth Gilman died on December 14, 1950 at the age of 82. She is buried at Druid Ridge Cemetery in Pikesville, Maryland.

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Gilman Papers Ms. 235 |work=Elisabeth Gilman Collection |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Library |location=Baltimore, Maryland |url=http://ead.library.jhu.edu/ms235.xml |accessdate=February 2, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719220253/http://ead.library.jhu.edu/ms235.xml |archivedate=July 19, 2011 |df= }}
2. ^Elisabeth Gilman Vertical File. Maryland Department Collection. Enoch Pratt Free Library Central Branch, Baltimore, MD.
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aclu-md.org/Index%20content/ACLUMD_Highlights.pdf|title=ACLU of Maryland. "Highlights of 75 Years of Fighting for Rights in the Free State,"|last=|first=|date=|website=Wayback Machine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004225357/http://www.aclu-md.org/Index%20content/ACLUMD_Highlights.pdf|archive-date=4 October 2011|dead-url=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=The Story of Mooney and Billings|last=|first=|publisher=National Mooney-Billings Committee|year=1929|isbn=|location=New York City|pages=24|quote="organized to help secure the pardon of Thomas J. Mooney and Warren K. Billings, serving life sentences in California prisons."|via=Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas}}

External links