| 词条 | Elise Wærenskjold |
| 释义 |
BackgroundElise Amalie Tvede Wærenskjold was born in Dypvåg parish in Kristiansand in the county of Vest-Agder, Norway. She was the daughter of Lutheran parish priest Nicolai Sejersløv Tvede (1779–1832) and Johanne Elisabeth Meldahl (1773–1839), both of whose families were Danish-born patriots of the newly formed independent country of Norway. Educated by private tutors, she became a teacher and later opening a handicraft school for girls. She became involved in the national temperance movement and became editor of a Norwegian temperance magazine.[2] In 1839, she married a young sea captain, Svend Foyn. The marriage, which began without the customary reading of banns, ended in an amicable separation in 1842. Svend Foyn later became the founder of Norway's modern whaling industry and became a powerful and wealthy figure in modern Norwegian history.[3] Immigrant pioneerWhen Christian and Johan Reinert Reiersen immigrated to Texas, she assumed the editorship of their popular magazine Norge og Amerika, a position which she held from 1846 until she herself immigrated to Texas in 1847.[4] In October 1847, she first joined a Norwegian immigrant colony in Brownsboro, Texas. On September 10, 1848, she married the leader of the immigrating party, Danish-Norwegian Wilhelm Wærenskjold. The Waerenskjold family relocated to Four Mile Prairie in Kaufman County and began raising cattle. The couple took an active part in the life of the Norwegian immigrant community, in the affairs of the local Lutheran church, and in the temperance movement. In 1866 both her husband Wilhelm and her youngest son Thorwald died.[5][6] WritingsElise Wærenskjold persevered through the hard years of drought, plagues of insects, and poverty on her farm. She taught school and she wrote for various Norwegian publications. She held to her belief in equal rights for women and her opposition to slavery and steadfastly maintained her stand on temperance. Her numerous writings including letters from the late 1840s through the mid-1890s remain an invaluable source of information on Norwegian immigrant life in Texas. In 1961, her writings were translated into the English language and published under the title Lady With the Pen: Elise Wærenskjold in Texas.[7] References1. ^The Norwegian Texans (University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures. San Antonio: Encino, 1970) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511211531/http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/publications/texansoneandall/norwegian.htm |date=2008-05-11 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url= https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Elise_W%C3%A6renskjold|title= Elise Wærenskjold|publisher= lokalhistoriewiki.no |accessdate= November 1, 2017}} 3. ^A Texan Manifesto: A Letter from Mrs. Elise Wærenskjold (translated and edited by Clarence A. Clausen, Norwegian-American Historical Association. Volume 20: Page 32) 4. ^{{Cite book | last = Pryser | first = Tore | title = Norsk historie 1800–1870 |trans-title=| year = 1985 | publisher = Det Norske Samlaget | isbn = 82-521-2388-0 | location = Oslo | language = Norwegian | page = 62 | authorlink = Tore Pryser}} 5. ^Norwegian'>Soldiers in Confederate Forces (by C. A. Clausen & Derwood Johnson. Norwegian-American Historic Association, Volume 25: Page 105 Northfield, Minnesota 6. ^Land of Their Choice: The Immigrants Write Home (Theodore C. Blegen, editor. University of Minnesota Press. 1955) 7. ^Wærenskjold, Elise Amalie Tvede (Crystal Sasse Ragsdale. Texas State Historical Association) Additional sources
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15 : Norwegian people of Danish descent|People from Kristiansand|People from Kaufman County, Texas|American Lutherans|Norwegian emigrants to the United States|Norwegian newspaper editors|1815 births|1895 deaths|Norwegian feminists|Women newspaper editors|19th-century journalists|19th-century Norwegian writers|Norwegian women writers|19th-century American women writers|19th-century Norwegian women writers |
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