| 词条 | Ella Mae Johnson |
| 释义 |
BiographyEarly lifeJohnson was born Ella Mae Smith on January 13, 1904, in Dallas, Texas.[3][4] She never met her father, and she became an orphan when her mother died of tuberculosis when she was four years old.[3][4] She was raised by her neighbors, the Davis family.[3][8] She was the salutatorian of her high school, Dallas Colored High School.[5] Johnson was able to attend college through several scholarships and a job as a waitress at a YMCA tearoom,[3] enrolling at Fisk University in 1921.[5] As a student, she attended a commencement speech by W. E. B. Du Bois. She received a bachelor's degree in French from Fisk University, though she graduated six months later than expected after participating in a semester boycott of the school led by Du Bois.[5] After graduation, Smith briefly moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where she worked for the Congregational Church.[5] In 1926, she relocated again to Cleveland, Ohio, to pursue her master's degree in social work at the Western Reserve University’s School of Applied Social Science,[5] [6] which is now called Case Western Reserve University. Smith was one of just two African American students which were admitted to the school's social work graduate program each year.[3][5]Personal lifeShe married her first husband, Elmer Cheeks, an electrical engineer with Cleveland Municipal Light, in 1929.[3][5] The couple had two sons, Jim and Paul Cheeks, during their 12 year marriage, which ended in his death.[5] She later married her second husband, Raymond Johnson, who worked as a probation officer at the Cleveland Municipal Court.[3] She was also widowed from her second marriage. CareerJohnson worked for both the Cuyahoga County Department of Welfare and Associated Charities of Cleveland, in a program that merged with the Aid to Dependent Children, an American federal government program.[3][6] Her job involved finding scholarships for low-income students and distributing financial payments to single mothers.[3] Among the people she helped were Louise Stokes and her young sons, Carl Stokes and Louis Stokes.[7] She retired in 1961 and began travelling, ultimately visiting more than 30 countries,[3] including Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico and Syria.[4] She moved to the Judson at University Circle, an assisted living facility, in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, in 1975.[6] Obama inaugurationJohnson gained national attention in 2009, when at the age of 105,[2] she attended the inauguration of President Barack Obama in Washington D.C.[5] Covered in a sleeping bag and heavy clothes to guard against cold temperatures, Johnson attended the inauguration with a ticket provided by Ohio U.S. Senator Sherrod Brown.[6] In several interviews, Johnson said of President Obama, "I found him so interesting and brilliant"[6] and predicted a future female American president: "God wouldn't give African-American men what he wouldn't give to the women."[3] Death and autobiographyJohnson died at Judson Park in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 22, 2010, at the age of 106.[3] She was survived by her sons, James Cheeks and Paul Cheeks; a stepson, D. Wright Johnson; five grandchildren and five great-grand children.[6] She was the oldest living African American alumna of Case Western Reserve University at the time.[5] Johnson's autobiography, It Is Well with My Soul: The Extraordinary Life of a 106-Year-Old Woman, which she co-wrote with author Patricia Mulcahy, was published posthumously by Penguin Books.[5] Johnson's 203-page memoir, which was originally scheduled to be released in May 2010,[5] was moved up to a new release date of March 31, 2010, due to her death.[6] References1. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Ohio centenarian to celebrate 105 at inauguration |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-12-27-centenarian-inauguration_N.htm|work=Associated Press|publisher= USA Today|date=2008-12-27 |accessdate=2010-04-17}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Ella Mae}}2. ^1 {{cite news|first=Joseph|last=Shapiro|title=A 105-Year-Old Witness To History |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99610985&ft=1&f=1001|work=National Public Radio|publisher= |date=2008-12-27 |accessdate=2010-04-17}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite news|first=Grant|last=Segall|title=Ella Mae Cheeks Johnson, 106, was a social worker and civic leader |url=http://www.cleveland.com/obituaries/index.ssf/2010/03/ella_mae_cheeks_johnson_106_wa.html |work=The Plain Dealer|publisher= |date=2010-03-23 |accessdate=2010-04-17}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|first=Regina|last=Brett|authorlink=Regina Brett|title=106-year-old Ella Mae Johnson leaves legacy of wisdom: Regina Brett |url=http://www.cleveland.com/brett/blog/index.ssf/2010/03/106-year-old_ella_mae_johnson.html|work=The Plain Dealer|publisher= |date=2010-03-28 |accessdate=2010-04-17}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite news|first=Terry|last=Hong|title=It Is Well with My Soul |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2010/0402/It-Is-Well-with-My-Soul|work=Christian Science Monitor|publisher= |date=2010-04-02 |accessdate=2010-04-17}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|first=Lindsay|last=Bertz|title=Cleveland Heights woman, who died at 106, lives on in new book |url=http://blog.cleveland.com/sunpress/2010/04/cleveland_heights_woman_who_di.html|work=The Sun Press|publisher=Sun Newspapers |date=2010-04-02 |accessdate=2010-04-17}} 7. ^{{cite news |first=Damon |last=Sims |title=Oldest living black CWRU grad to be guest at Obama inauguration |url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2008/12/oldest_living_black_cwru_grad.html |work=The Plain Dealer |date=2008-12-24 |accessdate=2010-04-26}} 14 : 1904 births|2010 deaths|People from Dallas|American social workers|American non-fiction writers|American memoirists|Writers from Ohio|American centenarians|Fisk University alumni|Case Western Reserve University alumni|People from Cleveland Heights, Ohio|African-American non-fiction writers|Women memoirists|African-American centenarians |
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