| 词条 | El Matareya |
| 释义 |
|name = Mataria |other_name = |native_name = {{lang|ar|المطرية}} |nickname = |settlement_type = city |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = 290px |image_caption = |image_flag = Governadorat_de_Daqahliya.png |flag_size = |image_seal = Coat_of_arms_of_Dakahlia_Governorate.jpg |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = Matareya,_Dakahliya.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Mataria in Dakahlia Governorate. |pushpin_map = Egypt |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =300 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Egypt |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Egypt}} |subdivision_type1 = Governorate |subdivision_name1 = Dakahlia |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = | |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of =2000 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =300,000 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities: |population_blank1 =Egyptians |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone =EST |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|31|12|N|32|12|E|region:EG|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Mataria ({{lang-ar|المطرية}} {{IPA-arz|el.mɑ.tˤɑ.ˈɾej.jɑ|pron}}) is a region (markaz) in Egypt. Located in the Dakahlia Governorate, it lies on the Lake Manzala coast in the northeastern part of the country. The region should not be confused with the district of Mataria in Cairo. Mataria has a population of around 300,000 inhabitants, and consists of two main districts: El-Ghasna and El-Okbiyine. It was announced as a separate city in the 1930s, with many villages following in it. HistoryThe city consisted of two main islands named El-Ghasna and El-Okbiyine. They were distinct islands until 1903 when the government issued a decree to unite both islands under the name Mataria city. Transportation between the two islands was via wooden boats until the waterway separating the islands was dried up. The first brick houses in the city were built in the 1750s with the roofs being made of wood. The city played a heroic role during the French campaign on Egypt, where the fishermen joined the resistance forces led by the Egyptian leader of the struggle against colonialism in this region, Sheikh Hassan Tobar. When the French battleships moved from Damietta towards Mataria to attack, they were surprised by 100 fishermen boats opposing them. At last, the city was occupied by the French in October 1798. The fishermen of Mataria played an important role in the digging of the Suez Canal, since they delivered water from the city to the workers in Port Said. The great fire of 1907The city was destroyed by a devastating fire in 1907. Many people died in the fire and all what was left of the city was ash and remains of dead animals. Al-Ahram newspaper published in its issue dated June 26, 1997, a detailed study on the burning of the city by Dr. Younane Labib Rezk. Khedive Abbas II visited the city upon the fire and ordered reconstruction of its mosques. He also gave a certain amount of money to the people of the city for reconstruction. Also many other steps were taken to help the people construct their city and money was given to all those who suffered losses. 1930s and 1940sMataria has followed Dikirnis until 1929 and then followed Manzala until it was announced a city itself and a Centre (markaz) with many villages following it. The streets of the city were very impressive and surprising for visitors since they have been designed and organized perfectly and are almost unique in the world. It was arranged like a chess table that if you stood at the beginning of a street you can see its end without any hindrance, and it is still this way until now. In this period the city had two mayors, Mohamed Zinedine Azzam was the mayor of El-Ghasna and Kamel Daoud El-Rayes was the mayor of El-Okbiyine. The fishing industry in the city was affected much since Lake Manzala dried up from {{convert|720000|acre|km2}} to {{convert|120000|acre|km2}}. The remaining lake was divided into several influence regions. Embracing the late president Anwar El SadatIn 1942, People's Artist Zakaria Hijawi hosted Anwar El Sadat in Mataria (which was Hijawi's hometown). Sadat worked on the car that moved from Mataria to the Suez Canal, delivering arms to guerrillas and men of the revolution. Years later when Sadat became president, he came back to the city to lay the foundation stone for Al-Salam Canal and visited the house he lived in during his stay in the city which was Ramshackle at that time. Role in the Tripartite AggressionThe city was the second line of defense after the Suez Canal during the Tripartite Aggression against Port Said on October 26, 1956. The city was burning by aerial bombardments by the intense aggression. Thousands of boats and fishing boats transported every second hundreds of the wounded and injured to be resuscitated in Mataria. Also the people of Mataria welcomed all immigrants from Port Said and other cities along the Suez Canal. Abdel Nasser's VisitOn December 24, 1961, the city was decorated to receive late President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who came from Port Said in a boat. Men of the revolution accompanied the late president as Hussein al-Shafi, Kamel-Eddine Hussein, Abdel Hakim Amer, Salah Salem, and others. Then the late president left Mataria heading towards its neighboring city Manzala, which was decorated too to receive the president. Role in the War of AttritionThe city had an important role in the War of Attrition. Many fishermen volunteered to join the Coastguard to be trained on using weapons and defending their points. These exercises came to fruition, where some fishermen caught an Israeli pilot after they forced him to jump off his plane when they shoot at it. Many other achievements were credited to the people of the city in this war. Anwar El Sadat's VisitAt 12 noon on November 27, 1979 the helicopter landed in Mataria carrying the President and his comrades. The late president visited the city to lay the foundation stone for Es-Salam Canal. The city was decorated like never before for that historical day. Villages
Famous mosques
Personalities
Famous families
and some many others. See also
References1. ^ {{coord|31|12|N|32|12|E|display=title}} 2 : Populated places in Dakahlia Governorate|Cities in Egypt |
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