| 词条 | Emiratis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| group = Emiratis | flag = File:Flag of United Arab Emirates.svg | flag_caption = Flag of the United Arab Emirates | population = {{circa|2 million}} [1] | popplace = {{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}} {{circa|1.850.000 million}} | region1 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} | pop1 = 20,990 | ref1 = [2] | region2 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} | pop2 = 12,314 | ref2 = [3] | region3 = {{flagcountry|United States}} | pop3 = 12,000 | ref3 = [4] | region4 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} | pop4 = 2,885 | ref4 = [5] | region5 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} | region6 = {{flagcountry|Denmark}} | pop6 = 1,700 | ref6 = | region7 = {{flagcountry|Finland}} | pop7 = 1,424 | ref7 = [6] | region8 = {{flagcountry|South Africa}} | pop8 = 1,000 | ref8 = [7] | languages = {{hlist |Gulf Arabic | Standard Arabic | English}} | religions = Sunni Islam, significant minority of Shia Islam. | related = | footnotes = }} The Emiratis or Emirati people ({{lang-ar|إماراتيين}}) are the native population and citizens of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their largest concentration is in the UAE, where there are 1 million Emiratis. [8] Formerly known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, the UAE is made up of seven emirates, each of which had a dominant or ruling family or tribe. Abu Dhabi was home to the Bani Yas tribal confederation; Dubai settled in 1833 by an offshoot of the Bani Yas, the Al Bu Falasah; Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah to the Al Qasimi or Qawasim; Ajman to the Al Na'im and Fujeirah to the Sharqiyin. Additionally, a number of large tribes settled in these territories or travelled the interior of the UAE, including the Manasir, Al Ali, Awamir, Mazari, Bani Qitab, Al Bu Shamis, Manahil, Rashid, Al Murrah, Zaab, Tanaij, Naqbiyin, Ghafalah and the Bani Kaab. A large number of them are from other Arab countries too and some have South Asian blood and Sub-Saharan African blood in them.[9] HistoryThe United Arab Emirates is a union of seven emirates in which their history is entwined with various empires, such as those of Portugal and the United Kingdom. The Romans also exerted influence in the Persian Gulf. Envoys from the Islamic prophet Muhammad saw the islands convert to Islam around 630 C.E. Later in the 16th century the Portuguese would battle the then dominant force in the Persian Gulf, the Safavid dynasty, for control of the region. During the 17th century, the Ottomans took control of the islands and UAE was known as the "Pirate Coast." By the 19th century, the British Empire had taken complete control of the land then called the Trucial States.[10] Oil was discovered in 1959. The Trucial States were under the control of the British Empire until 1971. Consequently, with weakening British control, the Trucial States became the UAE in 1971 with Ras al-Khaimah joining in 1972.[10] The term Emirati comes from the plural of the Arabic word emirate ({{lang-ar|إمارة}}), with adding the suffix -i. Each emirate is ruled by an emir. The Bani Yas tribe forms the basis of many clans within the UAE. Sub-clans of the Bani Yas include[11]
The term "Emirati" also refers to Arabs with origins in the UAE. Many modern Emirati names are derived from these tribal names or offshoots of these tribes, for instance Mazroui (from Mazari), Nuaimi (from Naim) and Al Sharqi (from Sharqiyin).[12] EmiratismEmiratism (or Emirianism) is the advocacy of Emirati national identity. The government promotes Emiratism by procuring nationals with preferential treatment on several socio-political platforms.[13] This is accomplished through several means, such as increasing the visibility of Emirati culture, by preserving Emirati cultural identity, and by preferentially employing Emiratis in the workforce. The latter policy is referred to as Emiratisation by the government.[14] LexicologyThe word Emirati is an English word derived from a combination of the word emir, which is an Islamic leader, and the English suffix -ate. It gradually came to mean the United Arab Emirates. The demonym Emirian has a similar root from except with the suffix -ian being added to emir. Rarer Emirian demonyms and adjectives include Emiri and Emiratian, both of which are unofficial and informal alternatives.[15] However, due to strong tribal allegiances, many Emiratis also self-identify by their tribal affiliations.[16] Historically, Emiratis were called Trucial Coasters[17] or Trucials.[18] Emirians from ancient history are called Maganites.[19] National symbolsFalcon training is one of the UAE's national symbols. These birds can be seen on the coat of arms of the United Arab Emirates. They were traditionally used for hunting, and trained by the Bedouin tribes. Most Emiratis view Sheikh Zayed as an essential component of Emirati nationalism,[20] Emiratis are proud of their nation's global name associated with tourist prospects, prefer interactions with fellow nationals, most are computer literate and adult Emiratis past born in the 21st century are more likely to be bilingual[21][22] These are many landmarks and sculptures in the country of teapots, water jugs and coffeemakers to symbolize the hospitality of the Emirati people. Due to the pearl-diving history of the Emirates, nautical sailing and other activities at sea are sometimes emphasized.[23] Due to its prominence throughout Emirati history in cultivation, datefruits play an important role in Emirati life. Another national symbol is the Arabic coffee pot with the elongated thin spout called a Dallah; a sign of Emirati generosity. DemographicsThe population of the UAE as of 2016 was 9.1 million with a minority being Emiratis. UAE nationals in 2010 were 947,997 composed of 479,109 males and 468,888 females.[24][25] Statistics for UAE nationals in 2010 are as follows:[26]
Non-emirati origin populations form the vast majority of the UAE (88.52%) and is composed of expatriates, with the largest groups hailing from South Asian countries such as India (2.62 million), Pakistan (1.21 million) and Bangladesh (706,000). There are also nationals of other GCC and Arab countries who live in the UAE. Members of other Asian communities, including Iran (454,000), the Philippines (530,000).[27] Language{{main|Emirati Arabic}}Emirati Arabic is a variety of Arabic used in the UAE. Culture{{main|Culture of the United Arab Emirates}}Emirati culture is based on Arab culture and has been influenced by the religion Islam. Arabian influence on Emirati culture is noticeably visible in traditional Emirati architecture. Ever since the 20th century, the country has become more cosmopolitan and aspects of Western culture are very visible here. ValuesThe influence of Islamic culture on Emirati architecture, music, attire, cuisine and lifestyle are very prominent as well. Five times every day, Muslims are called to the prayer from the minarets of mosques which are scattered around the country.[28] Some oriental educationists and cultural academics have stated that luxuriousness and some extravagance is a feature of the Emirati culture.[29] Music and dance{{main|Music of the United Arab Emirates}}Emirati music varies to each area although most are on folklore's, some cultural dances are the horbya which well known all over the United Arab Emirates, The Ayala which is well known in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Other music is shalat which does not involve any type of instruments. ReligionIslam is largest and the official state religion of the UAE and the government follows a policy of tolerating existence of other religions, through the Ministry of Tolerance. There are approximately 31 churches throughout the country, one Hindu temple in the region of Bur Dubai, 2 Sikh Gurudwaras, with the biggest one located in Jebel Ali The government imposes restrictions on marriage for its citizens. Muslim Emirati women are forbidden by law from marrying non-Muslims, while Muslim Emirati men are allowed to marry Christian or Jewish women. In UAE, a union between a Muslim Emirati woman and a non-Muslim man is punishable by law since it is not acknowledged and sexual relationship would be considered a form of fornication.[32] Diaspora{{main|Emirati diaspora}}Emirati ancestry, the result of emigration, also exist in other parts of the world, most notably in the Arabian Peninsula, Europe and North America. Population estimates are seen to have a very small diaspora, mainly because the UAE provides them with more than adequate welfare benefits, removing the need to live and work in other developed countries.[33]See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=UAE population and statistical trends |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/uae-population-and-statistical-trends-1.1931464 |accessdate=25 December 2018}} {{Wiktionary|Emirian}}{{Wiktionary|Trucial}}{{Wiktionary|Trucial Coaster}}{{Arab tribes in the United Arab Emirates}}{{United Arab Emirates topics}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Emirati People}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=21&Geo=01&SO=4D|title=Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables - Immigrant population by place of birth, period of immigration, 2016 counts, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|first=Government of Canada, Statistics|last=Canada|website=12.statcan.gc.ca|accessdate=27 May 2018|date=2017-10-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|format=XLS|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockByOriginAndDestination_2015.xlsx|title=Trends in International Migrant Stock: Migrants by Destination and Origin (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2015)|publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs|year=2015|accessdate=2 January 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|format=XLS|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockByOriginAndDestination_2015.xlsx|title=Trends in International Migrant Stock: Migrants by Destination and Origin (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2015)|publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs|year=2015|accessdate=2 January 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Anzahl der Ausländer in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland (Stand: 31. Dezember 2014)|url=http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/|publisher=statista|accessdate=22 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707051100/http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1221/umfrage/anzahl-der-auslaender-in-deutschland-nach-herkunftsland/|archivedate=7 July 2015|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^http://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__muutl/statfin_muutl_pxt_11a9.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=726cd24d-d0f1-416a-8eec-7ce9b82fd5a4 7. ^{{cite web|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/selectvarval/saveselections.asp|publisher=Statistics Denmark|accessdate=26 September 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209013610/http://www.statbank.dk/statbank5a/selectvarval/saveselections.asp|archivedate=9 February 2015|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=UAE population and statistical trends |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/government/uae-population-and-statistical-trends-1.1931464 |accessdate=25 December 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/society/more-emiratis-marrying-other-nationalities-1.1377845 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-08-20 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023256/http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/society/more-emiratis-marrying-other-nationalities-1.1377845 |archivedate=17 November 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^1 {{cite book|title=Travel Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Illustrated Guide, Phrasebook and Maps|author=MobileReference|publisher=Google eBooks|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuwWKHmKmyoC&pg=PT319&dq=History+of+Emirates&hl=en&ei=YUXQTd7fHaXt0gGw8rWCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20Emirates&f=false|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123103303/https://books.google.com/books?id=KuwWKHmKmyoC&pg=PT319&dq=History+of+Emirates&hl=en&ei=YUXQTd7fHaXt0gGw8rWCDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=History%20of%20Emirates&f=false|archivedate=23 January 2016|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=98Chiu4kug4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA128&ots=2Q9YZxEtcf&sig=-G79_Neg5e3ToWx4DMMBT0kOm1U#PPA156,M1 : The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105080413/https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=98Chiu4kug4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA128&ots=2Q9YZxEtcf&sig=-G79_Neg5e3ToWx4DMMBT0kOm1U |date=5 November 2015 }}. Long, Reich. 12. ^{{Cite book|title = From Trucial States to United Arab Emirates|last = Heard-Bey|first = Frauke|publisher = Longman|year = 1990|isbn = 0582277280|location = London|pages = 27–80}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://jime.ieej.or.jp/htm/english/2008/0811.htm|title=Nationalism and Internal Tensions in the UAE|publisher=The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan|author=Neil Patric|date=8 November 2008|accessdate=3 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704102100/https://jime.ieej.or.jp/htm/english/2008/0811.htm|archivedate=4 July 2015|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Kalir, Sur|first1=Barak, Malini|title=Transnational Flows and Permissive Politie|date=2012}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Douglas|first1=Allen|title=Arab comic strips|date=1994|page=150}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=In the UAE the only tribe is the Emirati |url=https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/in-the-uae-the-only-tribe-is-the-emirati-1.1261996 |website=gulfnews.com |accessdate=25 December 2018 |language=en}} 17. ^{{cite book|last1=Winder|first1=Bayly|title=Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century|date=1965|page=33}} 18. ^Unexceptional: America's Empire in the Persian Gulf, 1941-2007, Marc J. O'Reilly, page 66 19. ^ Winder, Bayly (1965). Saudi Arabia in the Nineteenth Century. p. 33. 20. ^{{cite book|last1=Cross|first1=Jay|title=Informal Learning|date=2011}} 21. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/06/emiratis-dress-code_n_1653446.html | work=Huffington Post | title=Emiratis Want Crackdown On Tourists' Skimpy Dresses | date=6 July 2012 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007060053/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/06/emiratis-dress-code_n_1653446.html | archivedate=7 October 2014 | df=dmy-all }} 22. ^{{cite book|last1=Mahdi|first1=Ali|title=Teen Life in the Middle East|date=2003|page=239}} 23. ^{{cite book|last1=Bruijn|first1=Liza|title=Doing the deal, globally|date=2010|page=140}} 24. ^[https://www.government.ae/en/about-the-uae/fact-sheet Fact sheet] - Population 25. ^Number of Population in UAE by sex, 2016 26. ^"The Role of UAE National Research 2010 27. ^[https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/uae-population-statistics/ UNITED ARAB EMIRATES POPULATION STATISTICS] (2018) 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uae.gov.ae/Government/culture.htm |title=UAE Culture |publisher=Uae.gov.ae |date=1 June 2000 |accessdate=15 July 2009 29. ^{{cite book|last1=Butler|first1=Stuart|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|date=2007|page=422}} 30. ^{{cite web |author=Advanced Digital Technology www.adtworld.com |url=http://archive.gulfnews.com/uae/about_uae/more_stories/10203234.html |title=Gulfnews: Churches and temples in the UAE |publisher=Archive.gulfnews.com |date=5 April 2008 |accessdate=15 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731114912/http://archive.gulfnews.com/uae/about_uae/more_stories/10203234.html |archivedate=31 July 2009 |df= }} 31. ^There are also 2 Sikh Gurudwaras with the biggest one in Jebel Ali and a Buddhist temple in Al Garhoud.[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51612.htm United Arab Emirates Religion] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119111418/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51612.htm |date=19 January 2012 }} 32. ^[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127360.htm United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2009)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119170719/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127360.htm |date=19 January 2012 }} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-04-26 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426083228/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/emiratisation-wont-work-if-people-dont-want-to-learn |archivedate=26 April 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 2 : Emirati people|Arabs |
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