| 词条 | Emperor Zhenzong |
| 释义 |
| name = Emperor Zhenzong of Song {{linktext|宋|真|宗}} | image = SongEmperorAlbumZhenzongPortrait.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait on a hanging scroll, kept in the National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan | succession = Emperor of the Song dynasty | reign = 8 May 997 – 23 March 1022 | coronation = 8 May 997 | predecessor = Emperor Taizong | successor = Emperor Renzong | birth_name = Zhao Dechang (968–983) Zhao Yuanxiu (983–986) Zhao Yuankan (986–995) Zhao Heng (995–1022) | birth_date = 23 December 968 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1022|3|23|968|12|23|df=y}} | death_place = | burial_date = | burial_place = | spouse = Empress Zhanghuai (m. 983; died 989) Empress Zhangmu (m. 991; died 1007) {{Marriage|Empress Zhangxian||1022}} {{Marriage|Empress Zhangyi||1022}} Empress Zhanghui (m. 995–1022) | spouse-type = Consorts | issue = Emperor Renzong Princess Zhaohuai | era dates = Xianping (咸平; 998–1003) Jingde (景德; 1004–1007) Dazhongxiangfu (大中祥符; 1008–1016) Tianxi (天禧; 1017–1021) Qianxing (乾興; 1022) | posthumous name = Yingfu Jigu Shengong Rangde Wenming Wuding Zhangsheng Yuanxiao Huangdi (膺符稽古神功讓德文明武定章聖元孝皇帝) {{small|(awarded in 1047)}} | temple name = Zhenzong (真宗) | house = House of Zhao | father = Emperor Taizong | mother = Empress Yuande }}{{Infobox Chinese |title=Emperor Zhenzong of Song |l= "True Ancestor of the Song" |c=宋真宗 |p=Sòng Zhēnzōng |altname=Zhao Dechang |t2=趙德昌 |s2=赵德昌 |p2=Zhào Déchāng |altname3=Zhao Yuanxiu |t3=趙元休 |s3=赵元休 |p3=Zhào Yuánxiū |altname4=Zhao Yuankan |t4=趙元侃 |s4=赵元侃 |p4=Zhào Yuánkǎn |altname5=Zhao Heng |t5=趙恆 |s5=赵恒 |p5=Zhào Héng }}{{Chinese name|Zhao}} Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty in China. He reigned from 997 to his death in 1022. His personal name was originally Zhao Dechang, but was changed to Zhao Yuanxiu in 983, Zhao Yuankan in 986, and finally Zhao Heng in 995. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Taizong, and was succeeded by his sixth son, Emperor Renzong. ReignEmperor Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the strengthening of the Song Empire. The empire prospered, and its military might was further reinforced. However, it would also mark the beginning of a foreign policy towards the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in the north that would ultimately result in humiliation. In 1004, the Khitans waged war against the Song Empire. Emperor Zhenzong, leading his army, struck back at the Khitans. Despite initial successes, in 1005, Emperor Zhenzong concluded the Chanyuan Treaty. The treaty resulted in over a century of peace, but at the price of the Song Empire agreeing to an inferior position to the Liao Empire, and also agreeing to pay an annual tribute of 100,000 ounces of silver and over 200,000 bolts of silk. The admission of inferiority would come to plague the foreign affairs of the Song Empire, while the payments slowly depleted the empire's coffers. He was responsible for ordering the shipment of 30,000 bushels of quick-maturing rice seed from the Fujian Province to the lower Yangtze basin in 1011–1012, improving agriculture. Emperor Zhenzong stressed the importance of Taoism at his imperial court. It was during his reign that the so-called Heavenly Texts, which glorified the Zhao family, were allegedly discovered. This was followed up by imperial sacrificial ceremonies carried out at Mount Tai. From 1013 to 1015, the emperor issued official decrees deifying the Jade Emperor as the highest ruler of Heaven.[1] Champa rice was introduced to China from Champa during Emperor Zhenzong's reign. In 1020, Emperor Zhenzong became affected by an illness which was to cause his death two years later and unable to handle the affairs of state. By this time, Zhenzong’s wife Empress Liu was already established as power behind the throne and handled the affairs of state. She continued to act unofficially as regent of China for the two remaining years of Zhenzong’s life. Zhenzong died in 1022 of the foresaid illness. He was succeeded by his 4th son, Zhao Zhen who took the throne as Emperor Renzong. ArchaeologyA number of Chinese artifacts dating from the Tang dynasty and Song dynasty, some of which had been owned by Emperor Zhenzong were excavated and then came into the hands of the Kuomintang general Ma Hongkui, who refused to publicise the findings. Among the artifacts were a white marble tablet from the Tang dynasty, gold nails, and bands made out of metal. It was not until after Ma died, that his wife went to Taiwan in 1971 from the United States to bring the artifacts to Chiang Kai-shek, who turned them over to the National Palace Museum.[2] Family
See also
References1. ^Jonathan D. Spence. God's Chinese Son. New York 1996. p.42 {{s-start}}{{s-hou|House of Zhao (960–1279)||997||1022}}{{s-reg|}}{{s-bef|before=Emperor Taizong|rows=2}}{{s-ttl|title=Emperor of the Song Dynasty|years=997–1022}}{{s-aft|after=Emperor Renzong|rows=2}}{{s-ttl|title=Emperor of China|years=997–1022}}{{end}}{{Song emperors}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhenzong, Emperor}}2. ^{{cite book|title=China archeology and art digest, Volume 3, Issue 4|author=|year=2000|publisher=Art Text (HK) Ltd.|location=|page=354|isbn=|pages=}} 7 : 968 births|1022 deaths|Northern Song emperors|11th-century Chinese monarchs|10th-century Chinese monarchs|People from Kaifeng|The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants characters |
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