| 词条 | Encephalartos altensteinii |
| 释义 |
| name = Encephalartos altensteinii | image = Encephalartos_Altensteinii_in_Lednice_Greenhouse.jpg | image_caption = The oldest European cycad in Lednice Greenhouse, Czech Republic. | status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1 | genus = Encephalartos | species = altensteinii | authority = Lehmann (1834) }}Encephalartos altensteinii is a palm-like cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. The species name altensteinii commemorates Altenstein, a 19th-century German chancellor and patron of science.[1] It is commonly known as the breadtree, broodboom, eastern Cape giant cycad or uJobane (Zulu).[2] It is listed as vulnerable due to habitat destruction, use for traditional medicine and removal by collectors.[3] DescriptionThis cycad grows up to seven metres tall and may be branched or unbranched. The leaves are straight or curved backwards and up to three metres in length. The leaflets are rigid and fairly broad with one or both margins toothed. There are no prickles at the base of the leaf which distinguishes it from E. natalensis. There are usually two to five greenish-yellow cones up to fifty centimetres long, the female scales covered with protuberances. The cones are poisonous to humans.[4] The seeds are scarlet and up to four centimetres long.[2] Distribution and habitatThis species is widespread in the eastern Cape and south-western Natal provinces of South Africa. It favours sites near the coast including open scrub, steep rocky slopes, evergreen forests in valleys[5] and river banks. It also occurs inland at a higher altitude in isolated sites in the Amatola Mountains.[3] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.conifers.org/za/Encephalartos_altensteinii.php|title=Encephalartos altensteinii () description|website=www.conifers.org|access-date=2017-08-01}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q149321}}2. ^1 Palmer, E. and Pitman, N. Trees of Southern Africa. Cape Town (1972). 3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/41908/0|title=Encephalartos altensteinii (Eastern Cape Cycad, Eastern Cape Giant Cycad)|website=www.iucnredlist.org|access-date=2017-08-01}} 4. ^Deneys Reitz. Commando: A Boer Journal Of The Boer War, chapter 22, "Moss-Troopers", first published by Faber and Faber in Great Britain in 1929, {{ISBN|0-571-08778-7}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/cycadpg?taxname=Encephalartos+altensteinii|title=Encephalartos altensteinii|website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au|access-date=2017-08-01}} 5 : Encephalartos|Endemic flora of South Africa|Trees of South Africa|Vulnerable flora of Africa|Plants used in traditional African medicine |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。