“English national identity”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A national identity of the English as the people or ethnic group native to England developed in the Middle Ages arguably beginning with the unification of the Kingdom of England in the 10th century, but explicitly in the 11th century after the Norman Conquest, when Englishry came to be the status of the subject indigenous population.

From the eighteenth century the terms 'English' and 'British' began to be seen as interchangeable to many of the English.^[1]

While the official United Kingdom census does record ethnicity, English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British is a single tick-box under the "White" heading for the answer to the ethnicity question asked in England and Wales (while making the distinction of white Irish).^[2]

Although Englishness and Britishness are used synonymously in some contexts,^[3] the two terms are not identical and the relation of each to the other is complex. Englishness is often a response to different national identities within Britain such as Scottishness, Irishness, Welshness and Cornishness.^[4]

Sometimes Englishness is thought to be encapsulated in terms of a particular relation to sport: "fair play," for instance. Arguably, England's "national games" are football and, particularly, cricket. As cricket historian Dominic Malcolm argues, the link between cricket and England's national identity became solidified through literature. Works such as James Love's "Cricket: an heroic poem" and Mary Mitford's "our Village," along with Nyren's "cricketers of my Time" and Pycroft's "The Cricket Field," purported to identify the characteristics of cricket with the notional characteristics of English society, such as pragmatism, integrity, and independence.^[5]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://oxpo.politics.ox.ac.uk/materials/national_identity/Smith_Paper.pdf|title=‘Set in the Silver Sea’: English National Identity and European Integration|last=Smith|first=Anthony|date=13 May 2005|work=Workshop: National Identity and Euroscepticism: A Comparison Between France and the United Kingdom|publisher=University of Oxford|accessdate=10 February 2011}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/measuring-equality/equality/ethnic-nat-identity-religion/ethnic-group/index.html|title=Ethnic group|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=11 May 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/halloffame/public_life/gwynfor_evans.shtml |title=South East Wales Public Life - Dr Gwynfor Evans |publisher=BBC |date= |accessdate=2010-04-13}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=Empire and After: Englishness in Postcolonial Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84545-320-6|pages=1–25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StFvN6zt9icC&printsec=frontcover&dq=empire+and+after&hl=sv&ei=z_eZTam2JJXU4wb8jdTUAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|authorlink=Introduction: Nationalism Beyond the NationState|editors=MacPhee, Graham and Prem Poddar}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Dominic|title=Globalizing Cricket: Englishness, Empire and Identity|year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury|place=London |isbn=9781849665612|pages=34}}

Further reading

{{cite book|last1=Breward|first1=Christopher|last2=Conekin|first2=Conekin|last3=Cox|first3=Caroline|title=The Englishness of English dress|year=2002|publisher=Berg Publishers|isbn=978-1-85973-528-2}}

{{cite book|last=Siobhain Bly|first=Calkin|title=Saracens and the Making of English Identity: The Auchinleck Manuscript|year=2009|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=978-0-415-80309-0}}

{{cite book|last=Colls|first=Robert|title=Englishness: politics and culture 1880-1920|year=1987|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7099-4562-8}}

{{cite book|last=Featherstone|first=Simon|title=Englishness: twentieth century popular culture and the forming of English identity|year=2009|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2365-5}}

{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Stephen J. |title=Race and Ethnicity in Anglo-Saxon Literature|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}

{{cite book|last=Helmreich|first=Anne|title=The English garden and national identity|series=Modern architecture and cultural identity|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59293-2}}

{{cite book|last=Langford|first=Paul|authorlink=Paul Langford|title=Englishness identified: manners and character, 1650-1850|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-924640-3}}

{{cite book|last1=Rogers|first1=David|last2=McLeod|first2=John|title=The revision of Englishness|year=2004|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-6972-7}}

{{cite book|last=Spiering|first=Menno|title=Englishness: foreigners and images of national identity in postwar literature|year=1992|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-5183-436-9}}

{{cite book|title=Empire and After: Englishness in Postcolonial Perspective|year=2010|publisher=Berghahn Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84545-320-6|pages=1–25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StFvN6zt9icC&printsec=frontcover&dq=empire+and+after&hl=sv&ei=z_eZTam2JJXU4wb8jdTUAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|authorlink=Introduction: Nationalism Beyond the NationState|authors=MacPhee, Graham; Prem Poddar|editor=MacPhee, Graham and Prem Poddar}}

External links

{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/jeremy_clarkson/article2935442.ece|title=We’ve been robbed of our Englishness|last=Clarkson|first=Jeremy|date=25 November 2007|work=Sunday Times|accessdate=10 February 2011}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/8/9/0/3/pages89038/p89038-1.php|title=English Identity in the Wake of Devolution|last=Glass|first=Bryan S|date=24 March 2005|publisher=Southwestern Political Science Association|accessdate=10 February 2011}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/8/6/5/2/pages86524/p86524-1.php|title=The Devolution Gamble: State, Nation, and Identity in England|last=Glass|first=Bryan S|date=7 April 2005|publisher=The Midwest Political Science Association|accessdate=10 February 2011}}

{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jun/13/britishidentity.ameliahill|title=The English identity crisis: who do you think you are?|last=Hill|first=Amelia|date=13 June 2004|work=The Observer|accessdate=10 February 2011}}

{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/feb/11/english-nationalism-fight|title=Englishness: the forbidden identity|last=Kenny|first=Michael|date=11 February 2010|work=The Guardian|accessdate=10 February 2011}}

{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Krishan|title=The making of English national identity|url=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam033/2002031458.pdf|series=Cambridge cultural social studies|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-77736-0}}

{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jun/28/england-identity-national-football|title=England's identity crisis|last=Younge|first=Gary|date=28 June 2010|work=The Guardian|accessdate=10 February 2011}}