“Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System

释义

Changes
Republican-to-EYD letter changes Foreign loan letters Q and X Affixes and prepositions Reduplication
References

The Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System ({{lang-id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}, abbreviated EYD), also called the Perfected Spelling System (PSS), is the spelling system used for the Indonesian language. It is an orthography that was released in 1972 to replace the Republican Spelling System (RSS, also called the Soewandi Spelling System, SSS).{{Clarify|reason=Is there a more recent spelling reform? So: was or is? Were there several spelling reforms in 1972? So: an or the?|date=July 2017}} The aim was greater harmonization of the Indonesian and Malay-language orthographies.

The adoption of the new EYD system, to begin on the 25th anniversary of Indonesia's independence on 17 August 1972, was announced by President Soeharto on 16 August 1972.^[1] Government departments were instructed to begin using the EYD system on 1 January 1973. In October 1972, the Indonesian Department of Education and Culture (Department Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan) published Pedoman Buku Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan [A Guide to Improved Indonesian] which provided a detailed explanation of the changes proposed in the new system. In 2000 a revised guide to the EYD was published as Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia Yang Disempurnakan [General Guide to Improved Indonesian].

Changes

Republican-to-EYD letter changes

Changes	Republican	EYD	English meaning
tʃ}}: tj becomes c	tjuma, katjang	cuma, kacang	only, peanuts
dʒ}}: dj becomes j	djual, edjaan	jual, ejaan	sell, spelling
j}}: j becomes y	ajam, pajung	ayam, payung	chicken, umbrella
ɲ}}: nj becomes ny	njonja, banjak	nyonya, banyak	madam, many
ʃ}}: sj becomes sy	sjair, masjarakat	syair, masyarakat	poem, people
x}}: ch becomes kh	tarich, achir	tarikh, akhir	era, end

Foreign loan letters

Letters that have previously been included in the Republican Spelling as foreign loan letters are officially used in the EYD Spelling.^[2]

Letters	Example	English meaning
f	maaf, fakir	(I am) sorry, poor
v	valuta, universitas	currency, university
z	zeni, lezat	engineer, delicious

Q and X

The letters "q" and "x" are still only used in scientific subjects.^[2]

Examples:

a:b=p:q
Sinar-X (X-ray)

Affixes and prepositions

The writing of di- and ke- (affixes) can be distinguished from di and ke (prepositions), where di- and ke- is written together with the words that follow it, for example diambil, kehendak (is being taken, desire), while di and ke is written separately with the words that follow it, for example di rumah, ke pasar (at home, to the market). This is different from the former Republican Spelling, where both di- and di are written together with the words following it.^[2]

Reduplication

Reduplication, mostly used in plural form of words, has to be fully written with letters, so the use of the number "2" as used in the Republican Spelling is no longer valid.^[2] (The practice remains common in informal usage such as in text messaging.)

Republican	EYD	English meaning
anak2	anak-anak	children
ber-main2	bermain-main	to play around
ke-barat2-an	kebarat-baratan	westernized

References

1. ^[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikisource/id/c/c2/Keputusan_Presiden_No._57_tahun_1972.pdf Presidential Decision No 57 of 1972], Jakarta, 1972.
2. ^¹²³{{cite book | title=Cermat Berbahasa Indonesia: Untuk Perguruan Tinggi | last=Tasai | first=S Amran and E. Zaenal Arifin | page= | year=2000 | isbn=}}

3 : Indonesian language|Spelling reform|Writing systems introduced in 1972

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