| 词条 | Enterococcus gallinarum |
| 释义 |
| color = lightgrey | name = Streptococcus gallinarum | regnum = Bacteria | phylum = Firmicutes | classis = Bacilli | ordo = Lactobacillales | familia = Streptococcaceae | genus = Enterococcus | species = E. gallinarum }}Enterococcus gallinarum is a species of Enterococcus.[1] E. gallinarum demonstrates an inherent, low-level resistance to vancomycin. Resistance is due to a chromosomal gene, vanC, which encodes for a terminal D-alanine-D-serine instead of the usual D-alanine-D-alanine in cell wall peptidoglycan precursor proteins.[2] That is a separate mechanism than the vancomycin resistance seen in VRE isolates of E. faecium and E. faecalis which is mediated by vanA or vanB.[3] This species is known to cause clusters of infection, although it considered very rare.[4] It is the only other known enterococcal species besides E. faecium and E. faecalis known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals.[5] A 2018 study has shown the human gut bacterium can translocate outside of the gut to lymph nodes, the liver, and spleen, initiating systemic lupus and autoimmune liver disease in mice, and prevented with a [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180308143102.htm vaccine against it]. References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Dargere S, Vergnaud M, Verdon R |title=Enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis occurring on native heart valves |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=2308–10 |date=June 2002 |pmid=12037119 |pmc=130811 |doi= 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2308-2310.2002|display-authors=etal}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title = Infectious Diseases|publisher = |year = 2010|isbn = 978-0-323-04579-7|location = |pages = |chapter = Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria|last1 = Cohen|first1 = Jon|last2 = Opal|first2 = Steven M.|last3 = Powderly|first3 = William G.}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|title = Molecular Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance|journal = Clinical Microbiology Reviews|date = 2001-10-01|issn = 0893-8512|pmc = 89006|pmid = 11585788|pages = 836–871|volume = 14|issue = 4|doi = 10.1128/CMR.14.4.836-871.2001|language = en|first = Ad C.|last = Fluit|first2 = Maarten R.|last2 = Visser|first3 = Franz-Josef|last3 = Schmitz}} 4. ^{{cite book | title=The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance | publisher = ASM Press | location=Washington, D.C. | year=2002 | editor=Gilmore MS | isbn=978-1-55581-234-8|display-editors=etal}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases|publisher = |isbn = 978-1-4557-4801-3|location = |pages = |chapter = Enterococcus Species, Streptococcus gallolyticus Group, and Leuconostoc Species|last1 = John e. Bennett|first1 = MD|last2 = Raphael Dolin|first2 = MD|last3 = Martin j. Blaser|first3 = MD|date = 2014-08-28}} External links
2 : Enterococcus|Autoimmune diseases |
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