| 词条 | Ephedra altissima |
| 释义 |
| image = Ephedra altissima — Leonora Enking 001.jpg | image_caption = | genus = Ephedra | species = altissima | authority = Desf. | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = Chaetocladus altissima (Desf.) J.Nelson Ephedra altissima Desf. ssp. algerica Stapf Ephedra altissima Desf. ssp. mauritanica Stapf Ephedra altissima Desf. ssp. scabra Trab. Ephedra altissima Desf. ssp. tripolitana Pamp. Ephedra altissima Desf. ssp. nana Ball Chaetocladus altissima (Desf.) J.Nelson Ephedra wettsteinii Buxb. }}Ephedra altissima is a species of Ephedra that is native to the western Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Chad, Mauritania), and also to the Canary Islands.[1][2][3] The species is cultivated as an ornamental plant and medicinal plant. HabitatThis plant is located in Algeria,Chad, Libya, Mauritania,Morocco,Spain,Tunisia,and western Sahara. It can be viewed at elevations between 10 meters to 700 meters above sea level.[4] CharacteristicsThis plant is described as a green, dioecious shrub. Each flower is either male or female needing two different for seed formation.It prefers well drained, loamy soil in an area with direct sunlight. Once established the plant is hardy , resistant to drought and lime.[5] The leaves bud in an opposite fashion with the plant being green all year. A shrub often found on rocky calcareous slopes. Flowering time is between February-May. Fruiting time is between April-May. The ripe female cone is eaten by animals. TaxonomyIt was originally described by René Louiche Desfontaines in 1799 and placed in section Pseudobaccatae (=sect. Ephedra), "tribe" Scandentes. This being due to the similarity in stem and leaf structure and organization. In 1996 Robert A. Price classified E. altissima in section Ephedra without recognizing a tribe.[6] ThreatAs a result of the plant having such a widespread location, there are no specific major threats. This plant was last assessed by IUCN in August 13th 2010 with a least concerned rating. Due to the non-concerned attitude toward the endangerment of the species, no seeds have been collected as an ex situ conservation measure. It is not known to occur in any protected areas.[7] Medicinal usesThe members of this genus have alkaloid ephedrine which are integral in the treatment of asthma and other related respiratory issues.By using the entire plant and not just the stem it has been observed, as compared to isolated ephedrine, to have few side effects. This is used to treat symptoms not cure respiratory issues. Young plants have the best potency if ingested raw while older plants are best to be dried and used in a tea.[8] Varieties
References1. ^1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2. ^Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 2: 360-550. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice. 3. ^Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2011). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 3: 1-449. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève. 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/201672/9161344#geographic-range|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-12-04}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ephedra+altissima|title=Ephedra altissima - Desf.|last=|first=|date=|website=pfaf.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 6. ^Price, R. A. (1996). Systematics of the Gnetales: A review of morphological and molecular evidence. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 157(6): S40-S49. 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/201672/9161344#geographic-range|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-12-04}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ephedra+altissima|title=Ephedra altissima - Desf.|last=|first=|date=|website=pfaf.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} External links{{commonscat-inline|Ephedra altissima}}
7 : Ephedraceae|Flora of the Canary Islands|Flora of North Africa|Plants described in 1799|Garden plants of Africa|Flora of the Sahara|Tibesti Mountains |
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