1. Biography

2. References

Erika Bergmann (3 January 1915 in Berlin-Neukölln – 1996 in Guben) was a German Nazi concentration camp guard at two slave labor camps during World War II.

Biography

Bergmann was born in Germany. In 1943 she arrived at Ravensbrück where she received her initial training and first assignment. In 1943 she accompanied a transport of prisoners and other Aufseherinnen to the Genthin sub-camp where she finished out the war.

An East German court found her guilty of murder and sentenced her to life imprisonment. Her trial was held in Neubrandenburg in November 1955.^[1]

She was accused of cruelty towards prisoners using a whip and of inciting the attack by a dog on prisoners (killing six of them), as well as other crimes. During the trial before the Neubrandenburg court, the former Aufseherin Erika Bergmann, born Helling, was sentenced to life imprisonment on 2 November 1955. The explanation of the verdict states:

″As an Aufseherin in the Ravensbrück concentration camp in the period 1943[-1945], the defendant had mistreated prisoners: one day this Aufseherin had been ordered to take a column of Ravensbrück prisoners outside the camp for leveling work. She used her dog against an approximately 20-year-old Gypsy woman, who, in her opinion, worked too slowly. The four-legged tiger tore the girl's lower body to pieces. Bleeding and with outwardly hanging intestines the unconscious was ordered by Bergmann to be left lying for a few hours there; Bergmann forbade the women to look after the badly injured, when the column returned to the camp in the evening and wanted to take the Gypsy woman with them, only a corpse was found.″^[2]

In one account of her crimes, she ordered a dog to attack two Gypsy women, who were then bitten by the animal in the ribs and feet. In another instance, after a Polish prisoner was seriously injured by Bergmann's dog during the fall of 1945, that woman was then ordered to work despite the wound, and was given no permission to be treated. A witness stated at the trial that the prisoner had been beaten by Bergmann because her hair had been too long and curly, adding that the beating was so vicious that the prisoner was blind for six months. Another time the same witness was beaten by Bergmann and kicked with her boots, because she had had worn a headscarf in the rain. Bergmann also reportedly shouted: ″She who is a prisoner is not a person!″^[3] In a different incident, prisoners working in a cellar where thousands of kilos of vegetables were reportedly spoiled by the negligence of SS men were ordered by Bergmann to stand along a fence, and then were then beaten with a dog leash. One prisoner was covered with swollen wounds; another had her face cut open by a nail. In a separate case, a 61-year-old woman was forced to stand for nine hours in the cold, open air while Bergmann showered her with ice-cold water. The woman later died from the abuse, as did a Gypsy who was beaten by Bergmann until she collapsed.^[4]

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Bergmann was still in prison in Hoheneck alongside Ulla Jürß, another female Nazi guard. They both petitioned for mercy and were released on probation in May 1991 after serving more than 35 years in prison.^[5] Bergmann died in 1996 in Guben, Germany.^[6]

References

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