| 词条 | Erythranthe lewisii |
| 释义 |
|image = Mimulus_lewisii_8189.JPG |image_caption = Erythranthe lewisii in Mount Rainier National Park |genus = Erythranthe |species = lewisii |authority = (Pursh) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [1] }}Erythranthe lewisii (Lewis' monkeyflower, great purple monkeyflower) is a perennial plant in the family Phrymaceae. It is named in honor of explorer Meriwether Lewis. Together with other species in Erythranthe, it serves as a model system for studying pollinator-based reproductive isolation. It was formerly known as Mimulus lewisii.[1][2][3][4] DescriptionErythranthe lewisii is a perennial herb, with stem length ranging from 25–80 cm and individual leaves ranging from 20–70 mm. The vegetative tissue is covered with fine hairs. The flowers are medium in size, set on fairly long (30–70 mm) pedicels, and range in color from pale pink (generally found in the Sierra Nevada populations, sometimes separated as Erythranthe erubescens G.L.Nesom) to dark magenta (more common in the Cascade Range and Rocky Mountains populations), with a central pair of carotenoid-rich yellow nectar guides covered in trichomes on the lower lobe of the corolla.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Occasional populations of white-flowered individuals (which do not express anthocyanin pigments in the corolla) are known.[5][6][7]DistributionErythranthe lewisii is native to western North America from Alaska to California to Colorado, where it grows in moist habitat such as streambanks, and is generally found at higher elevations in montane areas. It overlaps with its sister species, Erythranthe cardinalis, in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. PollinationErythranthe lewisii is pollinated by bees (primarily Bombus and Osmia), which feed off of its nectar and transfer its pollen. Although it is fully interfertile with its sister species, E. cardinalis, the two do not interbreed in the wild, a difference ascribed primarily to pollinator differences (E. cardinalis is pollinated by hummingbirds) in areas of overlap.[8] It was previously reported that evidence strongly linking pollination preference to color differences between the species, but this has been disproven.[9][10]References1. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = Barker| first1 = W. L. (Bill)|display-authors=etal| year= 2012| title =A Taxonomic Conspectus of Phyrmaceae: A Narrowed Circumscription for MIMULUS, New and Resurrected Genera, and New Names and Combinations| url = http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Phrymaceae.pdf | journal = Phytoneuron | volume =39 | issue = | pages = 1–60 | issn=2153-733X}} 2. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M.|last2=Yen|first2=Alan | last3 = Olmstead | first3 = R. G. | year = 2003 | title = AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination| journal = Evolution | volume = 57 | issue =6| pages = 1397–1410|jstor=3448862 | doi=10.1554/02-086}} 3. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M. | last2 = Olmstead | first2 = R. G. | year = 2002 | title = Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/7/1093.full | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | issue = 7 | pages = 1093–1102 | doi=10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093|jstor=4122195}} 4. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M.|last2=Schoenig|first2=Steve E.| last3 = Whittall | first3 = Justen B. | last4 = Olmstead| first4 =Richard G. | year = 2004 | title =Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae) | journal = American Journal of Botany| volume =91 | issue =3| pages = 474-4890|jstor=4123743 | doi=10.3732/ajb.91.3.474}} 5. ^Calphotos: White Mimulus lewisii from Alpine Co., CA 6. ^Wildflower Bloom for Columbia & Great Basins of Central and Eastern Oregon 1995-2000: White Mimulus lewisii from eastern Oregon 7. ^Liberterre: Evolutions de Mimulus lewisii à Crater Lake dans l'Oregon {{fr}} 8. ^{{cite journal |title=Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA |volume=96 |issue=21 |pages=11910–11915 |year=1999 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.21.11910 |last1=Schemske|first1=Douglas W.|last2= Bradshaw, Jr.|first2=H. D.|pmc=18386}} 9. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature02106 |title=Allele substitution at a flower colour locus produces a pollinator shift in monkeyflowers|last1=Schemske|first1=Douglas W.|last2= Bradshaw, Jr.|first2=H. D.|journal=Nature |year=2003 |volume=426 |pages=176–178}} 10. ^{{cite journal |title=Errata: On the Relative Importance of Floral Color, Shape, and Nectar Rewards in Attracting Pollinators to Mimulus|journal=The Great Basin Naturalist |volume=56 |issue=31 |page=282 |year=1996 |jstor=41712949}} External links
8 : Erythranthe|Flora of the West Coast of the United States|Flora of Alaska|Flora of California|Flora of British Columbia|Flora of the Cascade Range|Flora of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Medicinal plants |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。