| 词条 | Interstate 195 (Maryland) |
| 释义 |
|state=MD |route=195 |type=I |map={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-height=290|frame-lat=39.216|frame-long=-76.698|zoom=12|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Interstate 195 (Maryland)}}}} |map_custom=yes |map_notes=I-195 highlighted in red |alternate_name=Metropolitan Boulevard |length_mi=4.35 |length_round=2 |length_ref= |established=1990 |direction_a=West |terminus_a={{jct|state=MD|MD|166}} in Arbutus |junction={{plainlist|
}} |direction_b=East |terminus_b={{jct|state=MD|MD|170}} in Linthicum |counties=Baltimore, Anne Arundel |previous_type=MD |previous_route=194 |next_type=MD |next_route=195 |spur_type=I |spur_of=95 }} Interstate 195 (I-195) is an Interstate highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs {{convert|4.35|mi|km}} from I-95 in Arbutus east to MD 170 near the Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI Airport) in Linthicum. I-195, which is also known as Metropolitan Boulevard, is the main connection between the airport terminal and highways leading to Baltimore, Washington, and Annapolis, including I-95, MD 295, and I-97. The interchange with MD 170, which forms part of the Airport Loop, provides access to various airport-related services. I-195 also links I-95 with Catonsville and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), via a westward continuation of Metropolitan Boulevard that is part of MD 166. I-195 was constructed in three sections. The first section was a connection between MD 295 and the airport. This segment was built as Maryland Route 46 and completed in 1951 shortly after the opening of the airport, which was originally named Friendship International Airport. The second segment was completed at the opposite end of the highway in the mid-1970s, connecting U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and I-95 with MD 166 and UMBC. The first two segments were connected when the portion between MD 295 and US 1 was constructed in the late 1980s. The whole length of the highway was completed and was marked as I-195 in 1990. In 2015, the eastern terminus was cut back from the airport to MD 170, with the former section between those two points becoming MD 995A. Route descriptionI-195 begins at the western edge of its interchange with I-95. The freeway continues west as MD 166, which has a partial interchange for UMBC Boulevard, which leads to the UMBC campus, before ending next to a park and ride facility at Rolling Road, on which MD 166 continues north toward Catonsville. The I-95 interchange is a partial cloverleaf that has flyover ramps from northbound I-95 to westbound I-195 and from southbound I-95 to eastbound I-195. I-195 heads southeast as a four-lane freeway with a speed limit of {{convert|60|mph|km/h}} across CSX's Baltimore Terminal Subdivision and meets US 1 at a four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange. The highway crosses over I-895 (Harbor Tunnel Thruway) with no access and curves south on a viaduct to cross the Patapsco River, where the freeway passes from Baltimore County to Anne Arundel County, and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, which also carries MARC's Penn Line. I-195 parallels the railroad south to its partial cloverleaf interchange with MD 295 (Baltimore–Washington Parkway), which contains a flyover ramp from southbound MD 295 to eastbound I-195.[3] I-195 curves southeast and passes under the BWI Trail ahead of its partial cloverleaf interchange with MD 170 (Aviation Boulevard), also known as the Airport Loop. The Airport Loop provides access to long-term parking lots, the consolidated rental car facility, hotels, cargo and general aviation facilities, and the BWI Rail Station. The circumferential highway also provides indirect access to I-97 for traffic heading to Annapolis or the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. At this interchange, I-195 ends and the roadway continues as MD 995A towards the entrance to BWI Airport.[3] Like all Interstates, I-195 is a part of the National Highway System for its entire length.[6] History{{infobox road small|state=MD |type=MD |route=46 |location=Linthicum |length_mi= |length_ref= |length_round=2 |formed=1950 |deleted=1990 }} Friendship International Airport was constructed between 1947 and 1950 as the new primary airport for Baltimore.[7] To directly connect the airport with Baltimore, an access road was planned to link the new Baltimore–Washington Expressway, later designated MD 295, with the airport terminal. The first portion of the Friendship International Airport Access Road was completed from a full Y interchange at the expressway to an interchange with MD 170 in October 1949 and designated MD 46.[8][9][10][11] The access road was completed from MD 170 to the airport terminal in July 1951, about the same time the expressway was completed between MD 46 and downtown Baltimore.[9][10] The remainder of what is now I-195 was planned as early as 1969, when the portion of Metropolitan Boulevard north of US 1 was placed under construction.[14][15] The freeway opened from the US 1 ramps northwest through the I-95 interchange to an intersection with Sulphur Spring Road just south of the modern Selford Road overpass in August 1974.[10][17] The freeway was extended to its present terminus at Rolling Road and the ramps to UMBC Boulevard were constructed in 1975.[18][19] Metropolitan Boulevard south of the I-95 interchange was marked as a second segment of MD 46 from when it opened. North of I-95, the freeway was marked as a relocation of MD 166.[20] That segment of MD 46 was renumbered as an extension of MD 166 by 1981.[21] The missing connection between US 1 and MD 295 resulted in a circuitous path for traffic between I-95 and BWI Airport. In 1974, that route involved exiting I-95 at MD 100, which then served as a connector between the Interstate and US 1. Traffic took US 1 south to MD 176, then took MD 176 east to MD 295 and north to the western end of MD 46.[22] Construction on the missing link, which by then was planned as part of I-195, began in 1987, when the highway's bridges over US 1 and I-895 were constructed.[23][24][25] The remainder of the highway from MD 295 to the I-895 overpass was completed, including reconstruction of the interchange with MD 295, and the intermediate section opened in June 1990.[10][27] The I-195 designation was applied to the highway's present length at the same time, and MD 166 was truncated to its present southern terminus.[27] In 2002, as part of an expansion project at the airport, several new ramps were constructed to access parking lots and facilitate an easier U-turn for motorists leaving the terminal who wish to return to the terminal.[29][30] In 2015, the eastern terminus of I-195 was cut back from the BWI Airport to the MD 170 interchange, with the section of road between those two points becoming MD 995A.[31] Exit list{{Jcttop|exit|length_ref=}}{{MDint|exit |county=Baltimore |cspan=3 |location=Arbutus |lspan=3 |mile=0.00 |road={{jct|state=MD|MD|166|dir1=north|name1=Metropolitan Boulevard|city1=Catonsville|location2=UMBC}} |notes=Western terminus; freeway continues as MD 166 }}{{MDint|exit |mile=0.40 |exit=4 |road={{jct|state=MD|I|95|I|695|to2=y|city1=Baltimore|location2=Washington}} |notes=Split into exits 4A (north) and 4B (south) }}{{MDint|exit |mile=1.57 |exit=3 |road={{jct|state=MD|US|1|name1=Washington Boulevard|city1=Elkridge}} |notes=Access to Halethorpe station and Saint Denis station }}{{MDint|exit |county=Anne Arundel |cspan=3 |location=Linthicum |lspan=3 |mile=3.10 |exit=2 |road={{jct|state=MD|MD|295|name1=Baltimore–Washington Parkway|city1=Baltimore|location2=Washington}} |notes=Split into exits 2A (north) and 2B (south) }}{{MDint|exit |mile=4.17 |exit=1 |road={{jct|state=MD|MD|170|I|97|to2=y|name1=Aviation Boulevard|city1=Linthicum|city2=Odenton|city3=Annapolis|location4=Rental Car Return}} |notes=Split into exits 1A (north) and 1B (south) eastbound; access to BWI Rail Station and BWI Business District Light Rail station; commercial vehicles must exit here }}{{MDint|exit |mile=4.35 |road={{jctname|state=MD|MD|995A|dir1=south|noshield1=yes|name1=Metropolitan Boulevard|location1=BWI Airport|extra=airport}} |notes=Eastern terminus; freeway continues as MD 995A; no commercial vehicles }}{{Jctbtm|exit}} See also
References1. ^1 2 {{google maps|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Elm+Rd&daddr=I-195+W&geocode=FTzsVQIdKwNu-w%3BFVnEVgId33Jt-w&hl=en&mra=ls&sll=39.185537,-76.6761&sspn=0.00095,0.002411&ie=UTF8&t=h&z=13|title=Interstate 195|accessdate=2010-06-22}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]2. ^1 {{cite map|publisher=Federal Highway Administration|title=National Highway System: Baltimore, MD|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/nhs/maps/md/baltimore_md.pdf|date=August 2003|section=|accessdate=2010-06-23|format=PDF}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=BWI Timeline|publisher=Maryland Aviation Administration|url=http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline|accessdate=2010-06-23|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328005535/http://www.bwiairport.com/en/about-bwi/bwi-timeline|archivedate=2010-03-28|df=}} 4. ^1 {{Maryland SRC report|year=1950|pages=126–127|accessdate=2010-06-23}} 5. ^1 2 {{Maryland SRC report|year=1952|pages=41, 144|accessdate=2010-06-23}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Major Transportation Milestones in the Baltimore Region Since 1940|publisher=Baltimore Metropolitan Council|date=2005-12-01|url=http://www.baltometro.org/reports/Major%20Transp%20Milestones%20Since%201940.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2012-09-24|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025170746/http://www.baltometro.org/reports/Major%20Transp%20Milestones%20Since%201940.pdf|archivedate=2012-10-25|df=}} 7. ^1 {{Maryland road map|year=1950}} 8. ^1 {{Maryland road map|year=1969}} 9. ^1 {{NBI|structurenumber=100000030266011|datakey=272306|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 10. ^1 {{cite map|publisher=United States Geological Survey|url=http://ims.er.usgs.gov/gda_services/download?item_id=5367102&quad=Relay&state=MD&grid=7.5X7.5&series=Map%20GeoPDF|format=PDF|title=Relay, MD|series=Topographic|scale=1:24,000|cartography=USGS|year=1975|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 11. ^1 {{NBI|structurenumber=100000030292010|datakey=277175|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 12. ^1 {{NBI|structurenumber=100000030291011|datakey=272332|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 13. ^1 {{Maryland road map|year=1975}} 14. ^1 {{Maryland road map|year=1981}} 15. ^1 {{Maryland road map|year=1974}} 16. ^1 {{Maryland road map|year=1987}} 17. ^1 {{NBI|structurenumber=100000030342013|datakey=272390|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 18. ^1 {{NBI|structurenumber=100000030341013|datakey=272388|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 19. ^1 2 {{Maryland road map|year=1991}} 20. ^1 {{NBI|structurenumber=300000AAMA18010|datakey=276471|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 21. ^1 {{Cite news|title=Return loop off I-195 opens for BWI access|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|location=Baltimore|page=|publisher=Tribune Company|date=2002-11-04|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2002-11-04/news/0211040040_1_return-loop-route-170-bwi|accessdate=2010-06-23}} 22. ^1 {{Maryland HLR|year=2015|county1=Anne Arundel|accessdate=2016-08-09}} }} External links{{commons category}}{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}
6 : Auxiliary Interstate Highways|Interstate Highways in Maryland|Interstate 95|Baltimore–Washington International Airport|Roads in Baltimore County, Maryland|Roads in Anne Arundel County, Maryland |
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