| 词条 | Evan Mackie |
| 释义 |
|name= Evan Dall Mackie |image= Royal Air Force- Italy, the Balkans and South-east Europe, 1942-1945. CNA2314.jpg |image_size= 300 |alt= |caption= Mackie photographed at Canne, Italy, when his score of victories stood at 15 confirmed enemy aircraft destroyed |nickname= Rosie |birth_date= {{Birth date|1917|10|31|df=y}} |birth_place= Waihi, New Zealand |death_date= {{Death date and age|1986|04|28|1917|10|31|df=y}} |death_place= |placeofburial= |allegiance= New Zealand |branch= Royal New Zealand Air Force |serviceyears= 1941–1945 |rank= Wing Commander |servicenumber= 41520 |unit= |commands= No. 80 Squadron RAF (1945) No. 92 Squadron RAF (1943–44) No. 243 Squadron RAF (1943) |battles= Second World War
|awards= Distinguished Service Order Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) |relations= |laterwork= }}Evan Dall "Rosie" Mackie, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DSO|DFC1}} (31 October 1917 – 28 April 1986) was a New Zealand fighter pilot and flying ace of the Second World War. Many New Zealand pilots who served overseas enlisted in the Royal Air Force (RAF); Mackie chose to join the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) and as such, with 21.5 "kills", he was the highest scoring member of that service.[1] Early lifeEvan Dall Mackie was born in Waihi, New Zealand, on 31 October 1917. He attended Waihi East Primary School and Waihi District High School, and then studied at the Waihi School of Mines. He obtained an electrical apprenticeship with the Martha Gold Mining Coy (Waihi) Ltd., and went to work at the largest gold mine in New Zealand.[2] Tough physical labour during early employment and work in the mines apparently contributed to his ruddy complexion, earning him the nickname "Rosie" in the air force.[3] Military serviceMackie joined the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) in January 1941, and on completion of flying training was posted to the No. 485 (NZ) Squadron in the United Kingdom in early 1942. On 26 March he shared in destroying a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter, and a month later probably destroyed a Focke-Wulf Fw 190. His Spitfire was hit by flak in the port wing but he returned to base safely. In March 1943 he was posted to North Africa, to No. 243 Squadron RAF, flying the Spitfire Mk V. He was shot down over Pont du Fahs area on 24 April, but returned on foot to Allied lines the next day. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in May,[4] and achieved success in combat through April to October 1943. On 7 April the squadron intercepted fifteen Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers with Bf 109 fighter escort. The Spitfires shot down five, Mackie claiming two. Three days later he claimed a Bf 109 and in the next month claimed another two destroyed and share in a third. He was subsequently awarded a Bar to the DFC.[5] In June 1943 the squadron moved to Malta to participate in the invasion of Sicily. Mackie was promoted to acting squadron leader and given command of the unit. A Bf 109 was claimed on 4 July (of II.///JG 53">JG 53 on 5 July)—possibly Herbert Broennle who was killed in action—while two Italian-flown Junkers Ju 87 of 121 Gruppo and a Reggiane Re.2002 of 5 Stormo were shot down on 13 July. In November he was posted to command No. 92 Squadron, returning, tour-expired, to the United Kingdom in February 1944. He then joined No. 274 Squadron RAF flying the Hawker Tempest in December 1944 at Volkel in the Netherlands. On 24 December 1944, he shot down an Fw 190 over the Malmedy area (the Fw 190 A-9 "White 6" of 28-kill ace Hpt. Wolfgang Kosse, 13./JG 3, who was killed). His combat report read: {{quote|I was flying No. 2 to Talbot Leader in Red Section on a patrol Julich-Malmedy and while we were returning to base and approaching Eindhoven, I noticed approx. 8 Typhoons flying in the opposite direction at about {{convert|4000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. They were in open formation. When almost abreast of these A/C at about {{convert|6000|ft|m|abbr=on}} I noticed one of the Typhoons suddenly break formation and dive into the ground on fire and I did not see anybody bale out. I then noticed the machine which had been flying behind that one, had moved behind another Typhoon, which then began shedding large pieces and losing height. Although we were not close enough to these aircraft to identify one of them as an enemy, I realised that this particular one must have been, so I immediately jettisoned my long-range tanks and gave chase.There was no R/T communication between myself and the other members of the section, as I had not heard the order to change to channel 'A'. The E/A lost some height then pulled vertically upwards. I identified it as a short nosed Fw 190 and opened fire with four cannons at a range of about {{convert|250|yds|m|abbr=on}} closing to {{convert|50|yds|m|abbr=on}}. I then broke off the attack as I was then rolling over on to my back. I gave about a 2 1/2 sec. burst and numerous strikes were seen on the wings and centre section of the Fw 190 by myself and F/L Malloy who was flying Red 3. After I broke away, S/L Baird stated that the Fw 190 levelled out, going very slowly, dropped a wing and then spun into the ground approx. {{convert|4|mi|km|abbr=on}} SE of Eindhoven, where it blew up.[6]}} In early January 1945 Mackie was given command of No. 80 Squadron RAF at Volkel. He destroyed a Bf 109 on 23 January 1945, and shot down a Fw 190 near Hanover on 7 March. He then became Wing Leader of No. 122 Wing RAF in April 1945. He destroyed two Arado Ar 96 trainers on 9 April and shared in the destruction of a Fw 190 six days later. On 4 May 1945 Mackie led No. 486 Squadron RNZAF over the Kiel-Haderslev area, and they claimed three Fieseler Fi 156 aircraft destroyed on the ground. Mackie was awarded the Distinguished Service Order later that month,[7] and the American Distinguished Flying Cross in July.[8] Mackie scored 20 air victories, as well as 3 shared kills, 2 probables, 10 damaged and 1 shared damaged, with 3 destroyed and 2 shared destroyed on the ground during the war. Of this final total, 12 kills, three shared destroyed, two probably destroyed, seven damaged and one shared damaged, was achieved while flying the Spitfire Mark V and Mark VIII. Mackie was also credited with 6.5 kills in the Hawker Tempest.[9] Post warFollowing the war Mackie declined roles in the military, preferring to return home to New Zealand and continue his career as an electrician, eventually becoming Chief Inspector for the Tauranga Power Board. Shortly before he died in 1986 he was interviewed extensively by Max Avery who subsequently, with the assistance of Christopher Shores, published a biography "Spitfire Leader" focusing mostly on Mackie's war service.[10] References1. ^Note: Colin Gray, with 27 destroyed, two shared destroyed, 12 damaged, was the highest scoring New Zealand fighter pilot, serving as a member of the RAF. 2. ^{{cite web|title=Our People: Wing Commander Evan Mackie|url=http://www.waihiheritage.co.nz/text/mackie.html|website=Waihi Heritage Vision|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Avery|first1=Max|title=Spitfire Leader|date=1999|publisher=Grub Street|isbn=978-1902304267}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=36022|date=21 May 1943|page=2248|sup=yes}} 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=36187|date=28 September 1943|page=4307|sup=yes}} 6. ^Avery and Shores, 'Spitfire Leader' 7. ^{{London Gazette|issue=37070|date=8 May 1945|page=2415|sup=yes}} 8. ^{{London Gazette|issue=37158|date=3 July 1945|page=3455|sup=yes}} 9. ^Price 1997, p. 83. 10. ^Avery & Shores 1999 Bibliography
14 : New Zealand World War II pilots|Royal Air Force personnel of World War II|British World War II pilots|British World War II flying aces|Royal Air Force officers|New Zealand military personnel of World War II|New Zealand World War II flying aces|Royal New Zealand Air Force|Royal New Zealand Air Force personnel|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (United Kingdom)|1986 deaths|1917 births|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|People from Waihi |
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