| 词条 | Eve Marder |
| 释义 |
Eve Marder (born May 30, 1948 in New York City) is an American neuroscientist known for her work on neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS). She discovered that circuits are not “hard-wired” to produce a single output or behavior, but can be reconfigured by neuromodulators to produce many outputs and behaviors while still maintaining the integrity of the circuit. Her work revolutionized the way scientists view the structure and function of neural circuits in the brain, and the general principles that resulted from her work are thought to be generally applicable to humans. Her work on the 30 neurons that comprise the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) produced many notable findings. She found that circuits can be modulated by many neuromodulators, which act on the level of populations of neurons, unlike some neurotransmitters, which can only affect specific target neurons. She pioneered work on plasticity and homeostasis, revealing more about how the brain can change dramatically during learning and development yet remain structurally stable. Her recent work examining network variability among healthy individuals shows that a variety of network parameters can produce the same behavioral outcome, challenging a long-standing goal in theoretical neuroscience to model 'ideal' neurons and neural circuits.[1] Along with Larry Abbott, she also developed the dynamic clamp method, which enables an experimenter to induce mathematically modeled conductances into living neurons to view the output of theoretical circuits.[2] She received her B.A. at Brandeis University and Ph.D. at University of California, San Diego. Her doctoral work on the role of acetylcholine in the lobster STG led to a single-author paper in Nature.[3] She completed her postdoctoral training at the University of Oregon in Eugene and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. She is currently the Victor and Gwendolyn Beinfield Professor of Neuroscience at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where, in 1990, she established one of the very first undergraduate neuroscience programs in the United States.[4] She is currently an elected counselor for the National Academy of Science,[5] a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences, serves on the National Institutes of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative, and is a former president of the Society for Neuroscience.[6] She is also a Deputy Editor at eLife,[7] and, due to her early interest in politics, she often writes about science, politics, and society.[8] Awards
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ganguli|first1=Ishani|title=Neuroscience: A gut feeling|journal=Nature|date=31 October 2007|issue=450|pages=21–23|doi=10.1038/450021a|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2007/071031/full/450021a.html|accessdate=8 March 2015}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Gorman|first1=James|title=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/science/learning-how-little-we-know-about-the-brain.html|accessdate=8 March 2015|work=Learning How Little We Know About the Brain|date=10 November 2014}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Marder|first1=Eve|title=Acetylcholine as an excitatory neuromuscular transmitter in the stomatogastric system of the lobster.|journal=Nature|date=Oct 25, 1974|volume=251|issue=5477|pages=730–1|pmid=4154406|doi=10.1038/251730a0}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfn.org/Press-Room/News-Release-Archives/2014/Eve-Marder-and-Richard-Olivo-Receive-Award-for-Education-in-Neuroscience|title=Society for Neuroscience|website=www.sfn.org|access-date=2016-08-17}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/NASCouncil-election.html|title=Mar. 8, 2017: National Academy of Sciences Re-Elects Vice President and Councilors|last=http://www.nasonline.org|first=National Academy of Sciences -|website=www.nasonline.org|access-date=2017-07-12}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Brandeis Life Sciences Faculty Bio|url=http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/faculty/marder.html|accessdate=8 March 2015}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://elifesciences.org/elife-news/elife-welcomes-new-deputy-editor|title=eLife welcomes new Deputy Editor|access-date=2016-08-17}} 8. ^{{Cite web|title = Communicating the latest advances in life science and biomedicine|url = http://elifesciences.org/about|website = eLife|accessdate = 2015-09-27}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://english.tau.ac.il/news/honorary_doctorates_2017|title=TAU Honorary Doctorates 2017|work=Tel Aviv University|access-date=2017-07-12|language=en-US}} External links{{Portal|Biography}}
8 : Living people|1948 births|Brandeis University faculty|Brandeis University alumni|University of California, San Diego alumni|American neuroscientists|Women neuroscientists|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences |
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