| 词条 | Expedition 27 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = ISS Expedition 27 | image = | image_caption = | insignia = ISS Expedition 27 Patch.png | mission_type = ISS Expedition | mission_duration = | orbits_completed = | crew_size = 6 | crew_members = Expedition 26/27: Dmitri Kondratyev Catherine Coleman Paolo Nespoli Expedition 27/28: Andrei Borisenko Aleksandr Samokutyayev Ron Garan | crew_EVAs = | crew_EVA_duration = | crew_photo = Expedition 27 crew portrait.jpg | crew_photo_caption = (l-r) Garan, Nespoli, Samokutyayev, Coleman, Borisenko and Kondratyev | space_station = International Space Station | start_date = {{start-date|16 March 2011, 08:54|timezone=yes}} UTC | end_date = {{end-date|23 May 2011, 21:35|timezone=yes}} UTC | arrival_craft = Soyuz TMA-20 Soyuz TMA-21 | departure_craft = Soyuz TMA-20 Soyuz TMA-21 | previous_mission = Expedition 26 | next_mission = Expedition 28 | programme = ISS expeditions }}Expedition 27 was the 27th long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS), starting on 16 March 2011. Expedition 27 saw numerous notable events, including the undocking of the Progress M-09M and Kounotori 2 spacecraft, the arrival of the Soyuz TMA-21 and Progress M-10M spacecraft, and the final rendezvous with the ISS of NASA's Space Shuttle Endeavour, on its last mission, STS-134. The expedition ended on 23 May 2011 with the departure of the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft, although command of the station was ceremonially handed over to the crew of Expedition 28 on 22 May. Crew
Mission highlightsKounotori 2 undockingAfter an extended two-month stay, Kounotori 2 was detached from the nadir docking port of the Harmony module by the Canadarm 2 robotic arm at 15:29 UTC on 28 March 2011, and released at 15:46 UTC.[3] Launched in January 2011 to resupply the ISS, Kounotori 2 (also known as HTV-2) was the second Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle. It reentered Earth's atmosphere at around 03:09 UTC on 30 March.[4] Soyuz TMA-21 dockingThe Soyuz TMA-21 spacecraft launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 4 April 2011, carrying Expedition 27 crew members Aleksandr Samokutyayev, Andrei Borisenko and Ronald Garan. It docked with the space station on 6 April at 23:09 UTC.[5] The docking to the Poisk module occurred as the two spacecraft were orbiting over the Andes Mountains in Chile. The hatches between Soyuz TMA-21 and the ISS were opened at 2:13 UTC on 7 April.[6] The three Soyuz crew members were welcomed aboard for a crew greeting ceremony and a mandatory safety orientation by Expedition 27 Commander Dmitri Kondratyev and Flight Engineers Catherine Coleman and Paolo Nespoli. 50th anniversary of first spaceflightOn 12 April 2011, the Expedition 27 crew recorded a special video message aboard the ISS in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the first manned spaceflight, which was conducted by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in 1961. The crew recorded their greeting in Russian, English, and Italian while wearing black Gagarin T-shirts. Progress M-09M undockingThe Progress M-09M cargo spacecraft was undocked from the station's Pirs module at 11:41 UTC on 22 April 2011.[7] After departing the space station, the spacecraft was used for the Radar-Progress scientific experiment to investigate a reflection feature of the plasma generated by operations of the Progress propulsion system.[8] Upon the completion of this experiment, the spacecraft was deorbited, and reentered over the "spacecraft cemetery" in the South Pacific Ocean. Progress M-09M had been launched on a resupply mission to the ISS on 28 January 2011. It carried 2,666 kilograms (5,880 lb) of cargo to the space station, consisting of 1,444 kilograms (3,180 lb) of dry cargo, 752 kilograms (1,660 lb) of propellant, 50 kilograms (110 lb) of oxygen and 420 kilograms (930 lb) of water. Progress M-10M dockingFlying two days autonomously after liftoff from the Baikonour Cosmodrome, the Progress M-10M cargo spacecraft arrived at the ISS on 29 April 2011, successfully docking at 14:19 UTC to the nadir port of the Pirs module, which had been vacated by Progress M-09M.[9] The docking occurred as the two spacecraft were traveling 220 miles (354 kilometers) over western Mongolia. The linkup happened just over five hours before NASA's first launch attempt of the Space Shuttle Endeavour on the STS-134 mission. The shuttle launch was scrubbed because of the failure of two heaters on one of Endeavour's auxiliary power units. Endeavour finally launched successfully on 16 May 2011. STS-134STS-134, the second-to-the-last mission of the Space Shuttle program, was launched from Kennedy Space Center on 16 May 2011 at 12:56 UTC. Space Shuttle Endeavour docked to the ISS on 18 May at 10:14 UTC, and delivered the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2 (AMS-2) and an Express Logistics Carrier to the station, completing the assembly of the US Orbital Segment of the ISS. On 22 May, while Endeavour was docked, the members of Expedition 27 formally handed over command of the station to the members of Expedition 28. The following day, on 23 May, the Soyuz TMA-20 spacecraft departed from the ISS, returning Expedition 27 crew members Paolo Nespoli, Catherine Coleman and Dmitri Kondratyev to Earth. Soyuz TMA-20 landed safely in central Kazakhstan at 02:27 UTC on 24 May 2011,[10] having taken photographs of the shuttle docked at the ISS prior to re-entry.[11]GalleryReferences{{Include-NASA}}1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2008/nov/HQ_08-306_Expedition_crews.html|title=NASA Assigns Space Station Crews, Updates Expedition Numbering |accessdate=21 November 2008|publisher=NASA|year=2008|author=NASA HQ}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/oct/HQ_09-233_Space_Station_Crews.html|title= NASA and its International Partners Assign Space Station Crews |accessdate=7 October 2009|publisher=NASA|year=2009|author=NASA HQ}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/htv/mission/htv-2/news/htv2_release.html |title=KOUNOTORI2 (HTV2) Leaves the ISS |publisher=JAXA |date=29 March 2011 |accessdate=30 March 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2011/03/20110330_kounotori2_e.html |title=Successful Re-entry of HTV2 |publisher=JAXA |date=30 March 2011 |accessdate=30 March 2011}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/science/20110405/163373769.html|title=Russia's Soyuz TMA-21 with new ISS crew launched from Baikonur|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=5 April 2011|accessdate=6 April 2011}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/living/index.html|title=New Expedition 27 Trio Docks to Station|publisher=NASA|date=6 April 2011|accessdate=7 April 2011}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=36812|title=NASA ISS On-Orbit Status 22 April 2011|author=NASA|publisher=SpaceRef|date=23 April 2011|accessdate=27 April 2011}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.roscosmos.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=11704|title=Progress M-09M Departed from the ISS|publisher=Russian Federal Space Agency|date=22 April 2011|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315121750/http://www.roscosmos.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=11704|archivedate=15 March 2012|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.space.com/11522-shuttle-launch-space-station-cargo-ship-docking.html|title=Russian Cargo Ship Docks at Space Station Ahead of Shuttle Launch|author=SPACE.com Staff|publisher=SPACE.com|date=29 April 2011|accessdate=30 April 2011}} 10. ^Florida Today.com, 23 May 2011. 11. ^http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/05/soyuz-tma-20-historic-photographic-event-landing/ NASA Spaceflight.com, 23 May 2011 External links{{commons category|ISS Expedition 27}}
3 : Expeditions to the International Space Station|2011 in spaceflight|Articles containing video clips |
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