| 词条 | Expedition 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = ISS Expedition 31 | image = | image_caption = | insignia = ISS Expedition 31 Patch.png | mission_type = ISS Expedition | mission_duration = | orbits_completed = | crew_size = 6 | crew_members = Expedition 30/31: Oleg Kononenko André Kuipers Don Pettit Expedition 31/32: Joseph M. Acaba Gennady Padalka Sergei Revin | crew_EVAs = | crew_EVA_duration = | crew_photo = Expedition 31 crew portrait.jpg | crew_photo_caption = (l-r) Acaba, Padalka, Revin, Kuipers, Kononenko and Pettit | space_station = International Space Station | start_date = {{start-date|27 April 2012, 08:15|timezone=yes}} UTC[1] | end_date = {{end-date|1 July 2012, 04:48|timezone=yes}} UTC[2] | arrival_craft = Soyuz TMA-03M Soyuz TMA-04M | departure_craft = Soyuz TMA-03M Soyuz TMA-04M | previous_mission = Expedition 30 | next_mission = Expedition 32 | programme = ISS expeditions }}Expedition 31 was the 31st long-duration expedition to the International Space Station (ISS). It began on 27 April 2012 with the departure from the ISS of the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft, which returned the Expedition 30 crew to Earth.[1] The expedition ended on 1 July 2012, when crew members Oleg Kononenko, André Kuipers and Don Pettit departed from the ISS aboard Soyuz TMA-03M, marking the beginning of Expedition 32.[2] Crew
Mission highlightsSoyuz TMA-22 departureExpedition 31 formally began on 27 April 2012, with the departure from the ISS of the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft. Soyuz TMA-22 successfully returned Expedition 30 astronauts Dan Burbank, Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoli Ivanishin to Earth.[1] The ISS was left under the command of astronauts Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit, who had arrived at the station aboard Soyuz TMA-03M on 23 December 2011. Soyuz TMA-04M arrival{{Wikinews|Expedition 31 crew members arrive at International Space Station}}The final three members of Expedition 31 – Acaba, Padalka and Revin – arrived at the ISS aboard Soyuz TMA-04M, which launched on 15 May 2012,[7] and docked to the ISS on 17 May at 4:36 UTC.[8] SpaceX Dragon test missionSpaceX's unmanned Dragon spacecraft conducted a test rendezvous with the ISS during Expedition 31, as part of NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program; it was the first commercial spacecraft to rendezvous with the ISS. Following a series of delays,[9] Dragon launched on 22 May 2012, and berthed successfully with the ISS on 25 May, after conducting a series of orbital test manoeuvres.[10][11] Dragon carried around {{convert|544|kg|lb}} of cargo to the ISS, including food, clothing, a laptop computer and 15 student experiments.[10][12] After being loaded with {{convert|660|kg|lb}} of downmass cargo, including completed experiments and redundant equipment, it undocked from the station and returned to Earth on 31 May 2012.[13][14] Dragon landed intact in the Pacific Ocean and was successfully recovered, allowing SpaceX to begin regular cargo flights to the ISS.[15] The first such logistics mission, CRS SpX-1, launched successfully in October 2012.[16][17]Soyuz TMA-03M departureSoyuz TMA-03M departed from the ISS on 1 July 2012, successfully returning Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit to Earth. Their departure marked the formal end of Expedition 31, and the beginning of Expedition 32.[2] In popular cultureIn the 2012 The Big Bang Theory episode "The Friendship Contraction", character Howard Wolowitz revealed that he would be a member of a fictionalized Expedition 31.[18] GalleryReferences{{Include-NASA}}1. ^1 2 "Soyuz TMA-22 returns to Earth with three outbound ISS crewmembers". NASASpaceflight.com, 27 April 2012. 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/07/soyuz-tma-03m-undocks-iss-return/|title=Soyuz TMA-03M undocks from ISS and returns to Earth|last=Harding|first=Pete|date=1 July 2012|publisher=NASASpaceFlight (not associated with NASA)|accessdate=3 July 2012}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/oct/HQ_09-233_Space_Station_Crews.html|title= NASA and its International Partners Assign Space Station Crews |accessdate=7 October 2009|publisher=NASA|year=2009|author=NASA HQ}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/jul/HQ_10-161_New_ISS_Crews.html|title=NASA And Partners Assign Crews For Upcoming Space Station Missions |accessdate=8 July 2010|publisher=NASA|year=2010|author=NASA HQ}} 5. ^ESA astronaut André Kuipers to spend six months on the ISS starting in 2011 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition31/index.html|title=Expedition 31 crew page|accessdate=18 November 2011|publisher=NASA}} 7. ^{{cite web |accessdate=2012-05-14 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/living/index.html|title=Three New Crew Members En Route to Station | work=Latest News|publisher=NASA}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Harwood|first=William|title=Three-man crew docks at International Space Station|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/station/exp31/120517dock/|accessdate=17 May 2012|newspaper=Spaceflight Now|date=17 May 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/19/falcon_launch_aborted/|title=SpaceX Dragon chokes at the last second|work=The Register|date=19 May 2012|accessdate=21 May 2012}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/15805-spacex-private-capsule-launches-space-station.html|title=SpaceX Launches Private Capsule on Historic Trip to Space Station|publisher=Space.com|date=22 May 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18195772|title=Station grabs SpaceX Dragon ship|publisher=BBC|date=25 May 2012}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statesman.com/news/nation/private-cargo-rocket-launch-a-giant-leap-for-2370718.html|title=Private cargo rocket launch a giant leap for space entrepreneur|work=Austin American-Statesman|date=23 May 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://businesstech.co.za/news/general/13755/spacex-dragon-capsule-opens-new-era/|title=SpaceX Dragon Capsule opens new era|publisher=Reuters via BusinessTech.co.za|date=28 May 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18273811|title=Splashdown for SpaceX Dragon spacecraft|publisher=BBC|date=31 May 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/science/space/first-spacex-dragon-cargo-flight-ends-with-a-splash.html|title=Its First Mission Done, SpaceX Looks to More Private Flights|work=The New York Times|date=31 May 2012|accessdate=5 June 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/08/spacex-conduct-successful-wdr-falcon-9/|title=SpaceX conduct successful WDR on their latest Falcon 9|last=Bergin|first=Chris|date=31 August 2012|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|accessdate=15 September 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/17943-spacex-dragon-capsule-space-cargo-launch.html|title=Liftoff! SpaceX Dragon Launches 1st Private Space Station Cargo Mission|publisher=Space.com|date=8 October 2012}} 18. ^{{cite episode|title=The Friendship Contraction|episodelink=The Big Bang Theory (season 5)#ep102|series=The Big Bang Theory|serieslink=The Big Bang Theory|airdate=2 February 2012|season=5|number=15|minutes=02:20}} External links{{commonscat|ISS Expedition 31}}
2 : Expeditions to the International Space Station|2012 in spaceflight |
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