| 词条 | Iosif Gurko |
| 释义 |
| name = Count Iosif Gurko | image = Gurko IV.jpg | image_size = | caption = | nickname = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1828|07|28|df=yes}} | birth_place = Novgorod, Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1901|01|28|1828|07|28|df=yes}} | death_place = near Tver, Russian Empire | placeofburial = | allegiance = {{flag|Russian Empire|1858}} | branch = {{flagicon|Russian Empire|1858}}Imperial Russian Army | serviceyears = 1846–1901 | rank = Field Marshal | unit = | commands = | battles = Crimean War Russo-Turkish War | awards = Order of St. George | relations = | laterwork = }} Count Iosif Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gurko ({{lang-ru|Ио́сиф Влади́мирович Роме́йко-Гурко́}}; {{OldStyleDate|28 July|1828|16 July}} — {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1901|15 January}}), also known as Joseph or Ossip Gourko, was a prominent Russian field marshal during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).[1] [2] [3] BiographyOf Belarussian/Polish extraction, Gurko was educated in the Imperial Corps of Pages, entered the hussars of the Imperial Guard as a sub-lieutenant in 1846, became captain in 1857, adjutant to Alexander II of Russia in 1860, colonel in 1861, commander of the 4th Hussar Regiment of Mariupol in 1866, and major-general of the emperor's suite in 1867. He subsequently commanded the grenadier regiment, and in 1873 the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, of the cavalry of the Imperial Guard. Although he took part in the Crimean War, being stationed at Belbek, his claim to distinction is due to his service in the Turkish war of 1877. He led the spearhead of the Russian invasion, took Tarnovo on July 7, crossed the Balkans by the Haim Boaz pass—which debouches near Hainkyoi—and, despite considerable resistance, captured Uflani, Maglizh and Kazanlak; on July 18 he attacked Shipka, which was evacuated by the Turks the following day. Thus within 16 days of crossing the Danube, Gourko had secured three Balkan passes and created a panic at Constantinople. He then made a series of successful reconnaissances of the Tundzha valley, cut the railway in two places, occupied Stara Zagora ({{lang-tr|Eski Zagra}}) and Nova Zagora ({{lang-tr|Yeni Zagra}}), checked the advance of Suleiman Pasha's army and returned again over the Balkans. In October he was appointed commander of the allied cavalry, and attacked the Plevna line of communication to Orhanie with a large mixed force, captured Gorni-Dubnik, Telish and Vratsa and, in the middle of November, Orhanie itself. Pleven was isolated, and after its liberation in December Gourko led his troops amidst snow and ice over the Balkans to the fertile valley beyond. He liberated Sofia and decisively defeated Suleiman Pasha at the Battle of Philippopolis and occupied Adrianople. The armistice at the end of January 1878 stopped further operations. With the help of Carol I of Romania and a few other Russian commanders such as : Michael Nikolaevich and Iosif Vladimirovich Gourko, the Russian Empire managed to break free Romania, Serbia and Montenegro. After a Russian victory the Treaty of Berlin was signed. In 1879–1880, Gurko was a governor of St. Petersburg, and from 1883-1894 Governor-General of Poland, where he enforced the Russification policies of Alexander III. He died in 1901, near the city of Tver. HonourGurko was made a count and decorated with the 2nd class of St. George and other orders. Gurkovo town in South-central Bulgaria and General Yosif V. Gurko Street in Sofia, Bulgaria are named after him. Notes1. ^{{cite book |author=|author-link = |chapter=GOURKO, JOSEPH VLADIMIROVICH |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information |pages= 288 |year=1910 |volume= XII (GICHTEL to HARMONIUM)|edition= 11th |publisher=At the University Press |place=Cambridge, England and New York|url=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit12chisrich#page/288 |accessdate= 26 July 2018 |via= Internet Archive}} 2. ^{{cite book |last=Forbes |first=Archibald |author-link= Archibald Forbes |chapter= Soldiers I Have Known |title=Memories of War and Peace |publisher= Cassell and Company Limited |place= London, Paris & Melbourne |url=https://archive.org/stream/memoriesstudieso01forb#page/366/mode/1up |year=1895 |pages= 366 |edition=2nd |accessdate= 26 July 2018 |via= Internet Archive}} 3. ^{{cite book |last= Greene |first= F. V. |author-link= Francis Vinton Greene |chapter= Russian Generals |title= Sketches of Army Life in Russia |year= 1881 |place= London |publisher= W.H. Allen & Co. |pages= 143-147 |url=https://archive.org/stream/sketchesofarmyli00greerich#page/143/mode/1up |accessdate= July 26, 2018 |via= Internet Archive}} Sources
12 : 1828 births|1901 deaths|People from Veliky Novgorod|Governors-General of Warsaw|Members of the State Council of the Russian Empire|Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)|Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russian)|Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian)|Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree|Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree|Recipients of the Order of St. Andrew|Russian people of Belarusian descent |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。