请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Extravaganza (music festival)
释义

  1. History

  2. Talent

      1980s    1990s    2000s    2010s  

  3. Attendance

  4. Line up release

  5. Promotional material

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox music festival
| name = Extravaganza
| image = Girl talk x09.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Girl Talk performing at Extravaganza on May 16, 2009
| genre = Hip hop, rock, pop, hardcore, reggae
| dates = Mid to late May
| location = {{nowrap|University of California, Santa Barbara}}
Santa Barbara, California
| years_active = 1979–present
| founders = Associated Students of the University of California, Santa Barbara
| attendance =
| capacity =
| website =
}}

Extravaganza is an annual campus music festival held at the University of California, Santa Barbara that began in 1979 and has been held every year since 1989.[1] Named as the #1 event on the "Top 10 University Festivals to Crash" by College Magazine in 2013, it takes place towards the end of spring quarter and is funded by a student lock-in fee.[2] The event is planned, promoted, and run by the Associated Students Program Board, part of the Associated Students of the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Extravaganza is held in Harder Stadium and draws thousands of students and out of town visitors every year. As of 2011, the festival is only open to UCSB students, staff, and faculty. The stage occupies the north end of the field while booths for student groups, sponsors, and activities line the sides.[3] Attendees must comply with a mandatory pat down and bag search (carried out by Community Service Organization officers[4]) before entering the stadium.

History

In its early years, Extravaganza began as a showcase for local bands.[5] It had originally been open to UCSB students as well as the surrounding community.[5] Due to rising costs and increasing crowds, as of the 2011 edition only those with a UCSB-affiliation are allowed entry.[6]

Extravaganza expanded to feature two stages, but this practice was ended in 2005 due to a decision to downsize the number of bands in favor of bigger-name acts. However, the first performer remains a local act, usually chosen through a Battle of the Bands.[5] The acts have also transitioned into more well known, mainstream performers than those of earlier versions of Extravaganza.[5]

May 16, 2009 was Extravaganza's 29th anniversary.[7] The format of the festival was altered in order to mark this special occasion. Instead of being the usual day show (11 AM to dusk), X '09 transitioned from day to night, with gates opening at 3 PM and the headliner (Ludacris) concluding his set at approximately midnight. A large high definition screen was placed next to the stage in order to give the back of the crowd a better view of the acts. ASPB requested student-made short film submissions to be played between sets.[8]

Talent

1980s

  • June 1, 1980{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Jailbait, Reverie, Tom Ball & Kenny Sultan, Oasis, Steve Wood & Beth Fichet Band, John Kay & Steppenwolf, Cecilio & Kapono

  • May 31, 1981{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

100%, Missing Persons, Pelin, Wild Blue Yonder, Eric Burdon, Paul Rodriguez, Contingency

  • May 16, 1982{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

The Beat, D-Day, Al Vizzutti, Skanksters, Pura Vida

  • May 21, 1983{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Mojo, Transport, One Heart, 20/20, Tommy Tutone

  • May 20, 1984{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Jack Mack and the Heart Attack, The Ventures, Mr. Mister, The Rastafarians, The Michael Jackson Band

  • May 17, 1986{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Lone Justice, The Busboys, Babylon Warriors, Fishbone, IV All Stars

  • May 17, 1987{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Common Sense, Confusion, Burning Couches, Crucial DBC

  • May 6, 1989{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Jane's Addiction, Mary's Danish, Toad The Wet Sprocket, Common Sense, Burning Couches

1990s

  • May 19, 1990{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Agent Orange, Havalina, Timmy Gatling, Everlast, The Groov, The Itch, Milestone Easy, The Mudheads

  • May 11, 1991{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Mary's Danish, Trulio Disgresias, No Doubt, Lula and Afro Brasil, Dread Flimstone, Ugly Kid Joe, Montage W/ Soul

  • May 16, 1992{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Eleven, Fungo Mungo, Skankin' Pickle, Indica, Los Guys, Evil Farmer

  • May 22, 1993{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Fishbone, The Pharcyde, Taumbu, Half Way Home, Sun 60, Mother Tongue, The Graceful Punks

  • May 21, 1994{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

They Might Be Giants, Del tha Funkee Homosapien, Frente!, Casual, The Muffs, The Grays, Ben Harper

  • May 13, 1995{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Sublime, Coolio, The Untouchables, Mojo Nixon, The Fuzz, The Nonce, Jimmy 2 Times

  • May 18, 1996{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

NOFX, Aceyalone, Skankin' Pickle, Tha Alkaholiks, Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, Jimmy 2 Times

  • May 17, 1997{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Ben Harper, Five For Fighting, Kurtis Blow, Down By Law, The Upbeat, Cool Water Canyon, The Leftovers, Fidget

  • May 16, 1998{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Social Distortion, The Roots, Royal Crown Revue, Ozomatli, Animal Liberation Orchestra, Afrodisiac

  • May 22, 1999{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Run-D.M.C., The Vandals, Del tha Funkee Homosapien

2000s

  • May 20, 2000{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

Spearhead, Ozomatli, The Black Eyed Peas, The Aquabats

  • June 2, 2001 - Took place at Rob Field due to Harder Stadium renovations.[9]

Main Stage - The Pharcyde, Save Ferris, Tha Liks, Jack Johnson, Ozma

Second Stage - Gravity Willing, Titsofrenix, Warsaw, Ambionic, Pressure 4-5

  • May 18, 2002{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}}

De La Soul, The Breeders, Zebrahead, Aceyalone

  • May 17, 2003[10]

Main Stage - Dilated Peoples, Slightly Stoopid, Eve 6, Nerf Herder, Dredg

Second Stage - Ankore, Kissing Tigers, the History Of, Blue Room, Falsehood

  • May 22, 2004[11][12]

Main Stage - MxPx, Talib Kweli, Donavon Frankenreiter, The Bronx, MF Doom

Second Stage - Code 415, The Colour, The Penfifteen Club, Satin, The Return

  • May 15, 2005[13][14]

Busta Rhymes, Damian Marley, RJD2, The Walkmen, The Hairbrain Scheme

  • May 21, 2006[15][16]

E-40, Pepper, The Pharcyde, Animal Liberation Orchestra, Rebelution

  • May 20, 2007[17][18]

T.I., Ben Kweller, Mickey Avalon, Suburban Legends, Boombox Orchestra

  • May 18, 2008[19][20][21]

Nas, Saosin, Hellogoodbye, Blue Scholars, Out of State

  • May 16, 2009[22][23]

Ludacris, Asher Roth (surprise guest), Girl Talk, Cold War Kids, The Cool Kids, Rebelution, Willy Northpole, Boombox Orchestra

2010s

  • May 15, 2010[24][25][26]

Drake, Birdman (surprise guest), Chromeo, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, Super Mash Bros, Soul Minded

  • May 15, 2011[27][28]

Cee Lo Green, Rusko, Talib Kweli, The Expendables, Sprout

  • May 20, 2012[29][30]

Snoop Dogg, Wolfgang Gartner, Iration, Surfer Blood, The Fire Department

  • May 19, 2013[31][32]

Kendrick Lamar, Dada Life, J-Boog, The Growlers, Alpha Phunk

  • May 18, 2014[33][34]

Diplo, Local Natives, Chance the Rapper, Jhené Aiko, Yancellor Chang, T-Fresh

  • May 17, 2015[35][36][37]

Miguel, Madeon, AlunaGeorge, Joey Bada$$, Bad Rabbits

  • May 15, 2016[38][39]

ODESZA, Rae Sremmurd, Anderson .Paak & the Free Nationals, Zella Day, Emancipator

  • May 21, 2017[40]

Schoolboy Q, GRiZ, Tinashe, Thundercat, Twin Peaks

  • May 20, 2018[41]

Dillon Francis, Charli XCX, DRAM, Coast Modern

Attendance

  • May 22, 2004 : 7,000+[42]
  • May 15, 2005 : 9,000+[43]
  • May 21, 2006 : 7,000+[44]
  • May 20, 2007 : 6,000+[45]
  • May 18, 2008 : 8,000+[46]
  • May 16, 2009 : 12,000+[47] overall, with 4,000+ in and out.
  • May 15, 2010 : 12,000+ at peak, with 1,500 circulating.

Line up release

Each year ASPB strives to announce the Extravaganza line up in a creative manner that engages student body participation.

  • May 18, 2008 : A flash mob of students acting like dinosaurs was organized as a banner bearing the line up was dropped in Storke Plaza.[48]
  • May 16, 2009 : Fortune cookies holding the name of an act were distributed throughout campus to encourage students to share and discuss the line up.
  • April 29, 2010 : A viral marketing campaign was launched on Facebook, Twitter, and the official AS Program Board website. At peak, the website received 1,600 requests per second.[49]
  • May 8, 2012 : -
  • May 9, 2013 : - [50]
  • May 5, 2015 : AS Program Board hid bottles around campus with names of artist inside
  • May 10, 2016 : AS Program Board had a live graffiti artist paint the names of the artist to reveal the lineup
  • May XX, 2017: AS Program Board unveiled banners with the various acts in Storke Plaza
  • May 14, 2018: AS Program Board had a student hide along the coast in a dragon outfit carrying an egg with the headliner

Promotional material

References

1. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511025827/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=9731 Extravaganza Goes Flipmode - Daily Nexus]
2. ^{{Cite magazine |last=Au |first=Celestine |date=January 30, 2013 |title=Top 10 University Festivals to Crash |url=http://www.collegemagazine.com/college-music-festivals-to-crash/ |magazine=College Magazine |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
3. ^Campus Map
4. ^UCSB Police Department {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220165919/http://police.ucsb.edu/cso.html |date=December 20, 2008 }}
5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news |last=Quick |first=Jessica |date=April 11, 2005 |title=Extravaganza To Host Fewer Bands, Bigger Headliners |url=http://dailynexus.com/2005-04-11/extravaganza-to-host-fewer-bands-bigger-headliners/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
6. ^{{Cite news |last=Hardy |first=Avery |date=May 18, 2011 |title=Extravaganza Draws Thousands for Annual UCSB Music Bash |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2011/may/18/extravaganza-draws-thousands-annual-ucsb-music-bas/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
7. ^Extravaganza Website
8. ^Facebook Event for Film Submissions
9. ^{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Scott |date=May 15, 2001 |title=Annual Free Concert Will Satisfy All Musical Tastes |url=http://dailynexus.com/2001-05-15/annual-free-concert-will-satisfy-all-musical-tastes/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
10. ^{{Cite news |last=Palma |first=Meghan |date=May 16, 2003 |title=Extravaganza To Crank It Up This Saturday |url=http://dailynexus.com/2003-05-16/extravaganza-to-crank-it-up-this-saturday/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
11. ^{{Cite news |last=Trevino |first=Katie |date=May 21, 2004 |title=Extravaganza Concert To Rock UCSB |url=http://dailynexus.com/2004-05-21/extravaganza-concert-to-rock-ucsb/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
12. ^{{Cite news |last=La |first=Jason |date=May 24, 2004 |title=Rock, Rap Fans Scream at Annual Extravaganza |url=http://dailynexus.com/2004-05-24/rock-rap-fans-scream-at-annual-extravaganza/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
13. ^{{Cite news |last=La |first=Jason |date=May 13, 2005 |title=Extravaganza To Feature Rhythm, Reggae, Rhymes |url=http://dailynexus.com/2005-05-13/extravaganza-to-feature-rhythm-reggae-rhymes/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
14. ^{{Cite news |last=La |first=Jason |date=May 16, 2005 |title=Fans Flock to UCSB’s Extravaganza |url=http://dailynexus.com/2005-05-16/fans-flock-to-ucsbs-extravaganza/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
15. ^{{Cite news |last=Tidwell |first=Valerie |date=May 12, 2006 |title=Extravaganza '06 To Feature Live Music, Extreme Sports |url=http://dailynexus.com/2006-05-12/extravaganza-06-to-feature-live-music-extreme-sports/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
16. ^{{Cite news |last=Schachner |first=David |date=May 22, 2006 |title=Bands, Crowds Jam at Extravaganza |url=http://dailynexus.com/2006-05-22/bands-crowds-jam-at-extravaganza/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
17. ^{{Cite news |last=Michaels |first=Levi |date=May 24, 2007 |title=Extravaganza 2007 at UCSB's Harder Stadium. |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2007/may/24/extravaganza-2007-ucsbs-harder-stadium/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
18. ^{{Cite news |last=Mullen |first=Jessica |date=May 21, 2007 |title=Harder Stadium Welcomes Crowd for Extravaganza |url=http://dailynexus.com/2007-05-21/harder-stadium-welcomes-crowd-for-extravaganza/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
19. ^{{Cite news |last=Yapp |first=Virginia |date=May 22, 2008 |title=Extravaganza 2008 |url=http://dailynexus.com/2008-05-22/extravaganza-2008/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
20. ^{{Cite news |last=Rosenfeld |first=Elliott |date=May 19, 2008 |title=Nas, Saosin Draw Extravaganza Crowd |url=http://dailynexus.com/2008-05-19/nas-saosin-draw-extravaganza-crowd/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
21. ^{{Cite news |last=Engelbrektson |first=Lisa |date=May 22, 2008 |title=Extravaganza |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2008/may/22/extravaganza/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
22. ^{{Cite news |last=Engelbrektson |first=Lisa |date=May 19, 2009 |title=Extravaganza at UCSB’s Harder Stadium |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2009/may/19/extravaganza-ucsbs-harder-stadium/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
23. ^{{Cite news |last=Daniels |first=Hunter M. |date=May 21, 2009 |title=Extravaganza 2009 |url=http://dailynexus.com/2009-05-21/extravaganza-2009/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
24. ^{{Cite news |last=Saragoza |first=Alejandra |date=May 17, 2010 |title=Extravaganza Music Fest Draws Droves of Students |url=http://dailynexus.com/2010-05-17/extravaganza-music-fest-draws-droves-students/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
25. ^{{Cite news |last=Comingore |first=Aly |date=May 13, 2010 |title=Drake, Chromeo Headline Extravaganza '10 |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2010/may/13/drake-chromeo-headline-extravaganza-10/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
26. ^{{Cite news |last=Woo |first=Jen |date=May 18, 2010 |title=Extravaganza at UCSB's Harder Stadium |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2010/may/18/extravaganza-ucsbs-harder-stadium/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
27. ^{{Cite news |last=Minniear |first=Mackensie |date=May 16, 2011 |title=Extravaganza Brings Rusko, Cee Lo to SB |url=http://dailynexus.com/2011-05-16/extravaganza-brings-rusko-cee-lo-sb/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
28. ^{{Cite news |last=Epstein |first=Julie |date=May 22, 2011 |title=Cee Lo Green Guitarist Sharon Aguilar Rocks UCSB Extravaganza |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2011/may/22/cee-lo-green-guitarist-sharon-aguilar-rocks-ucsb-e/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
29. ^{{Cite news |last=Alexander |first=Thomas |date=May 8, 2012 |title=Extravaganza Music Festival Lineup Released |url=https://thebottomline.as.ucsb.edu/2012/05/extravaganza-music-festival-lineup-released |newspaper=The Bottom Line |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
30. ^{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Fabian |date=May 24, 2012 |title=Sundays are for Extravaganza |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California }}
31. ^{{Cite news |last=Comingore |first=Aly |date=May 9, 2013 |title=Extravaganza Lineup Announced |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2013/may/09/extravaganza-lineup-announced/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
32. ^{{Cite news |last=Cuskey |first=Kaitlin |date=May 20, 2013 |title=Kendrick Lamar Rocks Extravaganza 2013 |url=http://dailynexus.com/2013-05-20/kendrick-lamar-rocks-extravaganza-2013/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
33. ^{{Cite news |last=Tholan |first=Brittany |date=May 19, 2014 |title=UCSB Students Swarm to Extravaganza 2014 |url=http://dailynexus.com/2014-05-19/ucsb-students-swarm-to-extravaganza-2014/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
34. ^{{Cite news |last=Blair |first=Jake |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Review: Extravaganza at UCSB’s Harder Stadium |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2014/may/20/review-extravaganza-ucsbs-harder-stadium/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
35. ^{{Cite news |last=Mandell |first=Ryan |date=May 21, 2015 |title=Extravaganza 2015 |url=http://dailynexus.com/2015-05-21/extravaganza-2015/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
36. ^{{Cite news |last1=Roe |first1=Kyle |last2=Mersel |first2=Matt |date=May 13, 2015 |title=Extravaganza Preview |url=https://thebottomline.as.ucsb.edu/2015/05/extravaganza-preview |newspaper=The Bottom Line |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
37. ^{{Cite news |last=Mandell |first=Ryan |date=May 20, 2015 |title=Extravaganza Lights It Up Again |url=http://www.independent.com/news/2015/may/20/extravaganza-lights-it-again/ |newspaper=Santa Barbara Independent |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
38. ^{{Cite news |last1=Bogel-Burroughs |first1=Nicholas |last2=Horne |first2=Frank |date=May 5, 2016 |title=Extravaganza 2016 Lineup Revealed |url=http://dailynexus.com/2016-05-05/live-updates-extravaganza-2016-lineup/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
39. ^{{Cite news |last=Horne |first=Frank |date=May 19, 2016 |title=In Review: Extravaganza 2016 |url=http://dailynexus.com/2016-05-19/in-review-extravaganza-2016/ |newspaper=Daily Nexus |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 19, 2016}}
40. ^{{Cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Stephani |date=May 12, 2017 |title=UCSB’s Extravaganza 2017 Lineup |url=https://thebottomline.as.ucsb.edu/2017/05/ucsbs-extravaganza-2017-lineup/ |newspaper=The Bottom Line |location=Santa Barbara, California |accessdate=May 16, 2017}}
41. ^{{cite web |url=https://aspb.as.ucsb.edu/x18/|title=Extravaganza 2018|website=UC Santa Barbara|publisher=AS Program Board |access-date=10 Jan 2019|}}
42. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511053753/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=7632 Rock, Rap Fans Scream at Annual Extravaganza - Daily Nexus]
43. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511040607/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=9756 Fans Flock to UCSB's Extravaganza - Daily Nexus]
44. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511172524/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=11793 Bands, Crowds Jam at Extravaganza - Daily Nexus]
45. ^Harder Stadium Welcomes Crowd for Extravaganza - Daily Nexus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009013051/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=14217 |date=October 9, 2007 }}
46. ^Nas, Saosin Draw Extravaganza Crowd - Daily Nexus {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521164408/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=16867 |date=May 21, 2008 }}
47. ^Ludacris Headlines Music Event - Daily Nexus {{dead link|date=October 2010}}
48. ^Flash Mob Announces Annual Extravaganza Lineup {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524083026/http://www.dailynexus.com/article.php?a=16739 |date=May 24, 2008 }}
49. ^Facebook Event Announces Extravaganza Lineup Release
50. ^http://www.independent.com/news/2013/may/9/extravaganza-lineup-announced/

External links

  • UCSB Associated Students Program Board website - http://aspb.as.ucsb.edu/
  • Extravaganza 2005 Photo Album - [https://web.archive.org/web/20071211162827/http://photo.as.ucsb.edu/main.php/v/aspb/x05/ http://photo.as.ucsb.edu/main.php/v/aspb/x05]
  • Extravaganza 2006 Photo Album - [https://web.archive.org/web/20071211162841/http://photo.as.ucsb.edu/main.php/v/aspb/x06/ http://photo.as.ucsb.edu/main.php/v/aspb/x06]
  • Extravaganza 2007 Photo Album - [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218212838/http://photo.as.ucsb.edu/main.php/v/aspb/x07 http://photo.as.ucsb.edu/main.php/v/aspb/x07]
{{UCSB}}{{Rock festival}}

8 : University of California, Santa Barbara|Live music|Recurring events established in 1979|Music festivals in California|Rock festivals in the United States|Music festivals established in 1979|Reggae festivals in the United States|Hip hop music festivals
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/28 7:27:15