| 词条 | Fairchild 82 | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Fairchild 82 and the 34-42 Niska were a family of utility aircraft produced in Canada in the mid-1930s, based on designs by Fairchild Aircraft Ltd. (Canada)'s parent company in the United States. Design and developmentIn 1929-1930, Fairchild (Canada) designed an eight-seat transport known as the Model 81. The single prototype was powered by either a 575 hp Pratt & Whitney Hornet or an Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar. The design was a "one-off" and did not enter production.[1] In 1934, the parent company had also developed the Super 71 variant of the Fairchild 71, but reception in the marketplace was lukewarm. Undaunted, the company continued to refine the design and produced the Model 82 the following year. This retained the stretched forward fuselage and separate flight deck that had been a feature of the Super 71, but increased passenger and load capacity. The resulting aircraft proved a modest success, with three sold to the government of Venezuela, one to the government of Mexico, and another seven going to various Canadian regional airlines. Variants with various powerplant changes followed, three of which were sold to the Argentine Navy.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}One of these lanes survives and is shown at the Museo Nacional de Aeronautica in Moron- Argentina The final development of this design was the 34-42 Niska, incorporating changes made after N.F. Vanderlipp joined the company from Bellanca (the new model reflecting Bellanca's idiosyncratic model numbering, and taking its name from an indigenous people of Canada). After unsuccessful trials with its 420 hp Ranger powerplant, the aircraft was converted back to a Model 82D standard with a S3H1 Wasp. Only a single example was built, and today it remains as the sole example surviving in Canada.[2] Operational historyThe Fairchild 82 was a ruggedly performing aircraft and it found a niche as a freighter especially in northern Canada, although export versions had a variety of roles assigned to it. It was operated by several Canadian firms including Canadian Pacific Air Lines. While its main competitor, the Noorduyn Norseman was also finding success, the Fairchild company decided to abandon the bush plane market and ceased production of the Model 82 in favour of converting its production lines to the Bristol Bolingbroke version of the bomber that was being produced for Royal Air Force and Royal Canadian Air Force operational needs in the years immediately prior to the Second World War. The company had intended to enter the postwar civilian market with an upgraded Model 82 but due to an error in judgment, the original tooling had been destroyed during the war years. The remaining Fairchild 82s in service continued to fly, primarily in Canada until the late 1960s.[3] A modern 40-year-old mystery of the Arctic was recently solved when the remains of a 1938 Fairchild 82 were found south of Bathurst Inlet. The aircraft belonged to bush pilot Chuck McAvoy, who was flying a pair of American geologists on 9 June 1964, when he disappeared. After an extensive search, the story of the missing Fairchild became a legend of the north until 2003 when the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) stumbled on the crash site.[4] Variants
Operators
Specifications (82A){{aerospecs|ref= |met or eng?=met |crew=two pilots |capacity=nine passengers |length m=11.25 |length ft=36 |length in=11 |span m=15.54 |span ft=51 |span in=0 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m=2.86 |height ft=9 |height in=5 |wing area sqm=31.9 |wing area sqft=343 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |empty weight kg=1,388 |empty weight lb=3,060 |gross weight kg=2,869 |gross weight lb=6,325 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Pratt & Whitney Wasp |eng1 kw=391 |eng1 hp=525 |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=249 |max speed mph=155 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km=1,054 |range miles=655 |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m=4,770 |ceiling ft=15,650 |glide ratio= |climb rate ms=4.6 |climb rate ftmin=900 |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }}{{aircontent |see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |lists= }} References
1. ^Molson and Taylor 1982, p. 320. 2. ^Molson and Taylor 1982, p. 321–322. 3. ^Molson and Taylor, 1982, p. 323. 4. ^Human remains, plane wreckage, may solve 40-year-old northern mystery The Canadian Press, 8 August 2003. Retrieved: 8 March 2008. 5. ^http://www.amilarg.com.ar/fairchild-82.html 6. ^http://www.amilarg.com.ar/fairchild-82.html 7. ^Air International September 1973, p. 121.
External links{{commons category|Fairchild Aircraft}}
5 : Canadian civil utility aircraft 1930–1939|Fairchild Aircraft Ltd. aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|High-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1935 |
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