词条 | Famine Song |
释义 |
The Famine Song is a song sung by some Ulster loyalists in Ulster and Scotland and is normally directed at Catholics and, in Scotland, Irish people, those of Irish descent or those with perceived affiliations to Ireland.[1] It is also sung by fans of Scottish football club Rangers due to rival Celtic's Irish roots. Set to the tune of The John B. Sails popularised by Carl Sandburg, the lyrics of the song make reference to the 1840s' Great Famine of Ireland. The song is often heard at loyalist marches in Northern Ireland. The Famine Song has received criticism due to the racist and sectarian nature of its lyrics and, in some cases, those singing it have received criminal convictions. ControversyThe Great Famine in Ireland during the 1840s led the country's population to fall from approximately 8 million to 5 million as a result of starvation and emigration.[2] Although the bulk of emigrants moved to North America, large numbers moved to Scotland and England, settling in London, Liverpool and Glasgow.[3] Since then, sectarianism in Glasgow in particular has received much media attention, with its two main football teams being focal points of identity: Celtic drawing large support from the descendants of Irish Catholics, and Rangers from Protestants in Scotland and Ulster (chiefly Northern Ireland and County Donegal). Lex Gold, the Scottish Premier League (SPL) chief executive at the time, said that football clubs could be deducted points if fans continue to sing such songs: John Reid, Celtic's chairman, tried to highlight the non-Catholic specific aspects of the famine: "Few of those who sing this song will have stopped to think that famine is non-sectarian and the millions of people who died or were forced into mass emigration – some to Scotland – were from all faiths and traditions within Ireland.[5] The Republic of Ireland's Consul-General approached the Scottish Government regarding the song. A Scottish Government spokesman said: "The Scottish Government is totally committed to combating sectarianism and bigotry, which is why we have expanded on the work of the previous administration and are doing more. We are working with the clubs themselves, as they are part of the solution to the problem.[6] Kenny Scott, Rangers' Head of Security and Operations, said in October 2008 that conversations with the Strathclyde Police made it clear to the club that there was the potential for supporters singing the song to be arrested.[7] In November 2008, a Rangers fan was found guilty of a breach of the peace (aggravated by religious and racial prejudice) for singing the song during a game in Kilmarnock.[8] At his appeal in June 2009, three Scottish judges ruled that the song is racist because it targets people of Irish origin.[9][10] A Rangers fans' organisation, the Rangers Supporters' Trust, denied that the song is racist: It instead described the song as a "wind-up" that is designed to mock not the famine itself, but Celtic fans' perceived affiliations with the Republic of Ireland.[11] In the context of their charitable projects in partnership with Rangers, UNICEF expressed their concern regarding the song and called on the club to ensure it was not sung at their matches.[12] Legal issuesIn the case of William Walls v. the Procurator Fiscal, Kilmarnock,[13] the High Court of Justiciary held on appeal, in an opinion delivered by Lord Carloway, that: "the song calls upon persons of Irish descent, who are living in Scotland, to go back to the land of their ancestors, namely Ireland [...] they are racist in calling upon people native to Scotland to leave the country because of their racial origins. This is a sentiment which, once more, many persons will find offensive." The appellant, who was convicted for breach of the peace racially aggravated and aggravated by religious prejudice having sung the Famine Song and made a number of other remarks during a football match, had his appeal denied and his conviction upheld. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Loyalist band's actions 'totally inappropriate'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-18848591|publisher=BBC News|date=15 July 2012}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Famine Song}}2. ^Edward Laxton, The Famine Ships: The Irish Exodus to America 1846–51, Bloomsbury, 1997, {{ISBN|0-7475-3500-0}} 3. ^Christine Kinealy, This Great Calamity, Gill & Macmillan (1994), {{ISBN|0-7171-4011-3}}, 357. 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/sport/display.var.2465535.0.gold_ill_dock_points_if_clubs_fail_in_fan_duty.php | title=Gold: I'll dock points if clubs fail in fan duty| work=www.eveningtimes.co.uk | publisher=Evening Times Online |date=November 2008 | accessdate=6 November 2008}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/football/spl/celtic/2008/09/29/rangers-famine-song-is-racist-says-john-reid-86908-20759736/ |title= Rangers' Famine Song is racist, says John Reid|work=Daily Record Online|publisher=www.dailyrecord.co.uk|date=September 2008|accessdate=6 November 2008}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7617518.stm|title=Concerns raised over famine song |work=BBC News|publisher=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=6 November 2008 | date=15 September 2008}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rangers.premiumtv.co.uk/page/Headlines/0,,5~1436866,00.html |title=Famine Song Statement |work=Rangers Official Club Site – News |publisher=www.rangers.premiumtv.co.uk |accessdate=6 November 2008 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.kilmarnockstandard.co.uk/ayrshire-news/news-east-ayrshire/kilmarnock-news/2008/11/26/rangers-fan-guilty-over-singing-famine-song-at-rugby-park-81430-22348515/ |title=Rangers fan guilty over singing Famine Song at Rugby Park |publisher=Kilmarnock Standard |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate=15 March 2012}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/103590-court-rules-famine-song-is-racist/|title=Court Rules Famine Song is Racist|work=stv|date=June 2009|accessdate=4 August 2009}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8109359.stm|title=Judges brand Famine Song 'racist'|work=BBC|accessdate=7 August 2009 | date=19 June 2009}} 11. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.rangerssupporterstrust.co.uk/rstsite/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=234&Itemid=43 | title = POSITION STATEMENT ON 'THE FAMINE SONG' |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109081442/http://www.rangerssupporterstrust.co.uk/rstsite/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=234&Itemid=43 |date=3 October 2008 |archivedate=9 January 2009 |accessdate=23 October 2015}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Unicef: Famine Song banned|first=Stuart|last=MacDonald|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/unicef-famine-song-banned-r3ks9zc75kv|newspaper=The Sunday Times|date=10 January 2009|access-date=6 March 2011}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2009HCJAC59.html |title=WILLIAM WALLS v. PROCURATOR FISCAL, KILMARNOCK, 19 June 2009, Lord Carloway+Sheriff Principal Brian A Lockhart+Sheriff Principal R.A. Dunlop, Q.C |publisher=Scotcourts.gov.uk |date=19 June 2009 |accessdate=2 November 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925023036/http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2009HCJAC59.html |archivedate=25 September 2009}} 7 : Football songs and chants|Immigration to Scotland|Great Famine (Ireland)|Irish diaspora|Racism in Scotland|Racism in sport|Rangers F.C. songs |
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