| 词条 | Farnham Castle |
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Farnham Castle is a 12th century castle in Farnham, Surrey, England, formerly the residence of the Bishops of Winchester. ({{gbmapping|SU837473}}). HistoryBuilt in 1138 by Henri de Blois, Bishop of Winchester, grandson of William the Conqueror, Farnham castle became the home of the Bishops of Winchester for over 800 years. The original building was demolished by Henry II in 1155 after the Anarchy and then rebuilt in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. In the early 15th century, it was the residence of Cardinal Henry Beaufort who presided at the trial of Joan of Arc in 1431. It is for this reason that St Joan of Arc's Church in Farnham is dedicated to her.[1] The castle was slighted again after the Civil War in 1648. Since then more buildings have been constructed in the castle's grounds, the most impressive being those built by Bishop George Morley in the 17th century. The castle's architecture reflects changing styles through the ages, making it one of the most important historical buildings in the south of England. It is an impressive stone motte and bailey fortress, and has been in almost continuous occupation since the 12th century. The large motte was formed around the massive foundations of a Norman tower and then totally enclosed by a shell keep, with buttress turrets and a shallow gatehouse. Attached to the motte is a triangular inner bailey, with a fine range of domestic buildings and a fifteenth-century brick entrance tower. The formidable outer bailey curtain wall has square flanking towers, a 13th-century gatehouse and a large ditch. The castle is set in {{convert|5|acre|m2|spell=in}} of gardens overlooking the town of Farnham. During the Second World War, the castle was the location of the Camouflage Development and Training Centre.[2] Here, artists such as Roland Penrose, Stanley William Hayter, and Julian Trevelyan as well as the magician Jasper Maskelyne were trained in the arts of military camouflage. Since 1962, the castle has been used as an intercultural training and conference centre.[3] Public toursWith the help of the Heritage Lottery Fund, the keep and Bishop's Palace have undergone a complete renovation, and are now managed by Farnham Castle. The keep re-opened in July 2010 displaying the extended research that has been undertaken into the history surrounding the castle; there is also an exhibition on site open to the public covering the 900 Years of Living History of Farnham Castle[4] Thabo Mbeki, the second democratic President of South Africa (1999–2008), was married there in 1974.{{cn|date=February 2019}} English Heritage has guardianship of the keep but Farnham Castle now manages the visitors to the keep. Entry is free. Local guides provide tours of the Bishop's Palace (certain days only, charge applies).[5]See also
Notes1. ^British Listed Buildings accessed 3 March 2013 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/surrealist-who-tried-to-paint-a-whole-nation-green-1-687552 |title=Surrealist who tried to paint a whole nation green |work=The Scotsman |author=Roger Cox |date= 10 January 2006|accessdate=17 January 2016 }} 3. ^The Farnham Castle International Briefing and Conference Centre 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hlf.org.uk/news/Pages/Farnhamcastle.aspx |title=Farnham Castle to be restored |accessdate=2011-08-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927162245/http://www.hlf.org.uk/news/Pages/Farnhamcastle.aspx |archivedate=2011-09-27 |df= }} 5. ^Three Palaces of the Bishops of Winchester, 2000, English Heritage Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Farnham Castle}}
9 : Castles in Surrey|Episcopal palaces of the bishops of Winchester|History of Surrey|Grade I listed castles|Grade I listed buildings in Surrey|Historic house museums in Surrey|Farnham|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Surrey|English Heritage sites in Surrey |
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