| 词条 | Irish presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Irish presidential election determines who serves as the President of Ireland, the head of state of Ireland. The last election took place on 27 October 2018. Where only one candidate is nominated, that candidate is declared elected without a ballot; this has occurred on six occasions. ProcedurePresidential elections are conducted in line with Article 12 of the Constitution[1] and under the Presidential Elections Act 1993, as amended.[2] An election is ordinarily held not more than 60 days before the scheduled ending of the incumbent's seven-year term of office. In case of a casual vacancy (by death, resignation or impeachment) an election is held within 60 days. The dates during which candidates may be nominated and the date of the election are fixed by an order made by the Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government. All Irish citizens may vote in presidential elections if they have the right to vote in elections to Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas or parliament).[1][3] The voting age is eighteen. The Dáil electoral register is based on residency within a geographical Dáil constituency, so that those living abroad may not vote, except diplomats and military posted overseas. Resident UK citizens may vote in Dáil elections but not presidential elections. A proposed constititional amendment giving nonresident citizens a vote in presidential elections is planned to be put to referendum in October 2019.[4] Elections are conducted by means of the instant-runoff voting, which is the single-winner analogue of the single transferable vote used in other Irish elections. The constitution calls the system "proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote", although a single-seat election cannot be proportional.[5] To qualify, candidates must:[1]
The election order will declare the last day on which nominations may be received. If a member of the Oireachtas or a County or City council nominate more than one candidate, only the first nomination paper received from them will be deemed valid.[2] If there is only a single candidate they will be deemed elected without a poll.[1] No one may serve as President for more than two terms.[1] Spending limits and donationsThe spending limits in a Presidential election were reduced in 2011. The limit is €750,000 (was €1.3 million) and the amount a candidate can be reimbursed from the State is €200,000 (was €260,000).[7] A candidate who is elected or who receives in excess of one quarter of the quota can seek reimbursement of their expenses. The value of donations that may be accepted by candidates, their election agents and third parties at a presidential election is governed by law. In the case of candidates and presidential election agents, the maximum donation that may be accepted from a person (or a body) in a particular year cannot exceed €2,539. In the case of a third party, the maximum donation that may be accepted cannot exceed €6,348. The acceptance of donations from non-Irish citizens residing abroad is prohibited.[8] Results
Election dates and forms of nomination
Election dates in italics indicate dates which were set in the ministerial order, but where no election was held as only one candidate had been nominated. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland. {{cite web |url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Historical_Information/The_Constitution/|title=Constitution of Ireland |date=June 2012 |work= |publisher=Department of the Taoiseach |accessdate=30 July 2013}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.presidentialelection.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/1993-Presidential-Elections-Act-1993-Consolidated-January-2016.pdf |title=Presidential Elections Act 1993|website=Irish Presidential Election|publisher=Presidential Returning Officer|access-date=21 September 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/es/ese/ese01/ese01c |title= Electing a President – Preferential Voting |publisher=ACE: The Electoral Knowledge Network |accessdate=7 August 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web |last1=Phelan |first1=John Paul |authorlink1=John Paul Phelan |title=Referendum Campaigns: |url=https://www.kildarestreet.com/wrans/?id=2019-02-20a.80 |website=Written answers |publisher=KildareStreet.com |accessdate=28 March 2019 |date=20 February 2019}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Constitution Review Group |title=Report |archivedate=21 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721123405/http://www.constitution.ie/reports/crg.pdf#page=22 |url=http://www.constitution.ie/reports/crg.pdf#page=22 |accessdate=18 October 2011|year=1996|publisher=Government of Ireland|page=22|chapter=Article XII – XIV The President}} 6. ^The 1995 report of the Constitution Review Group notes "There is an apparent discrepancy between the English and Irishversions. The Irish version has ‘ag a bhfuil cúig bliana tríochad slán’ (that is, has completed thirty-five years), whereas the English version is ‘who has reached his thirty-fifth year of age’, which could mean has entered rather than completed that year." As the Irish language text prevails, this means a candidate must be at least 35 years old 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/national_elections/presidential_election.html|title=Presidential Election in Ireland|publisher=Citizens Information Board Ireland|accessdate=14 October 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/PublicationsDocuments/FileDownLoad,1866,en.pdf|title=How the President is elected|publisher=Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government|date=August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119133843/http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/PublicationsDocuments/FileDownLoad%2C1866%2Cen.pdf|archivedate=19 November 2007|df=dmy-all}} External links
2 : Presidential elections in Ireland|Office of the President of Ireland |
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