| 词条 | Fatimah el-Sharif |
| 释义 |
|name = Fatimah as-Senussi |image = Queen_Fatima_of_Libya.jpg |caption = Queen Fatima of Libya | reign = 24 December 1951 – 1 September 1969 | house = Senussi |birth_date = 1911 |birth_place = Oasis of Kufra, Italian Libya |death_date = 3 October 2009 (aged 98) |death_place = Cairo, Egypt |place of burial = Hamza Cemetery, Medina, Saudi Arabia |spouse = Idris I of Libya |father = Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi |mother = Khadija bint Ahmad al-Rifi[1] |title = Queen consort of Libya |religion = Islam }} Sayyida Fatimah el-Sharif ({{lang-ar|فاطمة الشريف}}); after marriage, Fatimah as-Senussi ({{lang|ar|فاطمة السنوسي}}),[2] ca. 1911 – 3 October 2009), was queen consort of King Idris of the Kingdom of Libya until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1969. Early lifeFatimah el-Sharif was born in Italian Libya in 1911, the fifth daughter of Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi, the former chief (3rd) of the Senussi order of Sufism. Her father was active in resistance against colonial forces. Her mother Khadija, Ahmed Sharif's second wife, was a daughter of general Ahmad al-Rifi (d. on 3 September 1911 in Kufra), distinguished elder statesman of the brotherhood and the last surviving personal companion of the Grand Senussi.[3]{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} In 1929, she was forced to flee on camel to Egypt from Marshall Rodolfo Graziani.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} In 1931, she married her cousin Idris of Libya, then Emir of Cyrenaica and her father's successor, in Siwa Oasis. Their only son died in 1953, aged one day old.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} QueenshipUpon her husband's accession as King of Libya in 1951, Fatimah became Queen. In 1954, her nephew assassinated Idris' advisor Ibrahim al-Shelhi because of a rumour that Shelhi had convinced the King to divorce Fatima in favour of a marriage with his own daughter. Idris then ordered the execution of Fatima's nephew.[4] When Idris decided to obey the demands to remarry in order to have an heir, Fatimah selected two women as prospective brides: he chose neither of them, but instead an Egyptian heir appointed by his premier, Alia Abdel Kader Lamloum,[5] whom he married in 1955. As there was no divorce, Fatimah refused to leave the royal residence in Tobruk, and after a couple of months, she and Idris reconciled.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} Post-revolution and deathFatimah was in Turkey with her spouse at the time of Muammar Gaddafi's coup in 1969.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} With the help of the Turkish government they returned from the resort town of Borsa to Kanmena Yourla in Greece. On 13 September she wrote to their lifetime friend Eric Armar Vully de Candole, CBE, who held the post of Her Britanic Majesty’s Resident, Cyrenaica: "We could not answer your cables and letters as I was alone with my husband when the coup took place without any money at all until the Turkish Government came to our help, paid our hotel and arranged our journey to Greece." She wrote to Mr. de Candole again on 26 October: "The weather here is cold and Ramadan will soon start and we cannot perform fasting obligations in any European Country. It is the will of God and may it be for the benefits of all. We shall sail next Friday for Alexandria and the same day get to Cairo."[6] She subsequently lived in Cairo from 3 November 1969 until her death.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} Fatimah was later tried in absentia by the Libyan People's Court and sentenced in November 1971 to five years in prison and seizure of her assets. Her house in Tripoli was returned to her in 2007.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} Fatimah died on 3 October 2009 in Cairo, aged 98. Her body was flown to Saudi Arabia for burial at Al-Baqi' in Medina beside her husband and her father accompanied by her longtime companions and servants Dr. Nafa al-Arabi al-Senussi, his wife Alia Benghalbon, and her longtime friend Amina Darbi.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}} Saudi Arabia denied her family permission to bury her in Al-Baqi'. Her body was finally laid to rest in the Hamza Cemetery near Mount Uhud in Medina on 7 October 2009 after salat al-Janazah in al-Masjid an-Nabawi.[7]PersonalityThe relationship between Queen Fatimah and King Idris is described as a mutually happy one, and they became foster-parents to several children of relatives, as well their adopted Algerian daughter Suleima, whose father had been killed fighting against France in Algeria's war of independence.[4] Fatimah was described as humorous and tactful, with an ability to make people relax, especially children. She also was a most loyal supporter of Idris, with a simple but elegant style. Fatimah also became a role model for a new way of life for the women of Libya by her role as a queen.[4] As a queen, she played a visible role in society, and was present regularly at various public events.[4] Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Sayyidah Fatimah as-Sharif [8] |2= 2. Sayyid Ahmed Pasha bin Muhammad al-Sanussi, 3rd Grand Sanussi |3= 3. Khadija bint Ahmad al-Rifi |4= 4. Sayyid Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Sanussi |5= 5. Fatima bint Ahmad bin Farajallah al-Fituri |6= 6. General Ahmad al-Rifi |7= |8= 8. Sayyid Muhammad bin Ali al-Sanussi, 1st Grand Sanussi |9= |10= 10. Ahmad bin Farajallah al-Fituri |11= |12= |13= |14= |15= |16= 16. Sayyid Ali al-Sanussi |20= 20. Farajallah al-Fituri }} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/Libya/libya6.htm|title=libya6|publisher=}} 2. ^Biodata {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006074159/http://libya-al-mostakbal.org/taazi2009/031009_queen_fatema.html |date=2009-10-06 }} 3. ^[https://books.google.es/books?id=us8yWhio70UC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=General+Ahmad+al-Rifi&source=bl&ots=-UbdWCbvFa&sig=ACfU3U0f68809EMduNRfw6stFJ3UVIVoxA&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU9O6q-InhAhWoAWMBHQ-NAF0Q6AEwBHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=General%20Ahmad%20al-Rifi&f=false An Islamic Alliance: Ali Dinar and the Sanusiyya, 1906-1916. Written by Jay Spaulding, Lidwien Kapteijns] 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6873242.ece|title=Login|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,807255,00.html|title=LIBYA: Family Troubles|date=4 July 1955|publisher=|via=www.time.com}} 6. ^"The Life and Times of King Idris of Libya", by E. A. V. De Candole 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.libyanconstitutionalunion.org/queen.htm|title=Queen Fatima Idris|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/Libya/libya2.htm|title=libya2|publisher=}}
External links{{commonscatinline}}
12 : Libyan women|Queens of Libya|Senussi dynasty|1911 births|2009 deaths|Libyan expatriates in Egypt|Date of birth missing|People from Cairo|Libyan people of Algerian descent|Banu Idris|21st-century Libyan women|20th-century Libyan women |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。