词条 | Feather Headwaters |
释义 |
The Feather Headwaters are 3 watersheds totaling {{Convert|3450|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} and which drain to Lake Oroville. The North Fork Feather Watershed is {{Convert|1090|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}—including the West Branch drainage of about {{Convert|282.5|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}. The East Branch North Fork Feather Watershed is {{Convert|1010|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}},[1] and the Middle Fork Feather Watershed is {{Convert|1350|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}[1]—including the South Fork drainage of about {{Convert|132|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}}.[2] Headwaters drainage is impaired by the Palermo Canal at Oroville Dam, the Hendricks Canal at the West Branch Feather River, and the Miners Ranch Canal at the South Fork's Ponderosa Reservoir. Additionally, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company releases Upper Feather water into the Hyatt Generating-Pumping Plant for hydroelectric generation during daily peak demand.{{Specify|How long is the peak demand period, e.g. average 8 hours?|date=October 2010}} North Fork Feather WatershedThe North Fork Feather Watershed (USGS huc 18020121) includes the West Branch and North Fork rivers and receives flow from the East Branch North Fork Feather Watershed.
East Branch North Fork Feather WatershedThe East Branch Feather Watershed (USGS huc 18020122) is the middle watershed of the headwaters of the Feather River basin and includes the American and Indian valleys.
Middle Fork Feather WatershedThe Middle Fork Feather Watershed (USGS huc 18020123) includes the Middle Fork Feather River, the Fall River, and the South Fork Feather River; as well as the Grizzly Valley
The broad drainage divide of the Feather Headwaters lies northwest-to-southeast along 1) the divide with the Lower Pit Watershed (north of the North Fork Feather Watershed), 2) the Great Basin Divide at the Eagle-Honey Watershed (north & northeast of the North Fork Feather Watershed), 3) the northern Sierra Crest (northeast of the North Fork Feather & East Branch North Fork Feather watersheds), and 4) the northern Sierra Crest (east of the Middle Fork Feather Watershed) to the Truckee Watershed triple point in Sierra County.[8] HistoryThe Maidu inhabited the American and Sierra Valleys and had villages in the Big Meadows area (now Lake Almanor) and Indian Valley. The Washoe hunted in the Sierra and Mohawk Valleys, and Paiute and Washoe settlements were in the Long Valley area.[9] The 1849 California Gold Rush brought thousands of prospectors and settlers to the region. The American and Indian Valleys were settled in the 1850s. In the Sierra Valley the first settlers arrived in 1852.[9] Operations at the Lime Saddle and Coal Canyon hydroelectric powerhouses along the North Fork began August 1, 1906, and December 24, 1907.[10] The 1909 Feather River Route was built through the Feather River Canyon along the North Fork and East Branch and crossed under the mid-Sierra drainage divide between the East Branch and Middle Fork watersheds via the Spring Garden tunnel. Other historical Feather River Route features (west-to-east) in the Feather Headwaters are the Keddie Wye, Williams Loop, Clio trestle, & Chilcoot Tunnel. References1. ^1 {{Cite web|title=Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units |url=http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/huc_name.html |publisher=USGS.gov |accessdate=2010-08-22}} a. {{Cite web|title=sum, USGS watershed values (Lower Feather + North Fork + East Branch + Middle Fork + Honcut Headwaters + Upper Yuba + Lower Yuba + Upper Bear + Lower Bear |url=https://www.google.com/#sclient=psy&hl=en&site=&source=hp&q=681%2B1190%2B1010%2B1350%2B107%2B1290%2B24%2B361%2B100 |publisher=Google Calculator |accessdate=2010-09-24}} 2. ^USGS Gage #11397000 on the South Fork Feather River at Enterprise. Accessed 2010-09-29 3. ^{{cite web |title= Pacific Gas and Electric Company's Application for Authorization to Divest Its Hydroelectric Generating Facilities and Related Assets, Section 4: Hydrology & Water Quality |publisher= Battle Creek Watershed Conservancy |url= http://www.battle-creek.net/docs/lnf/4.03-Hydrology.pdf |accessdate= 4 August 2010}} 4. ^{{Cite web|last=Oxlade |first=John |date=31 December 2003 |title=Out-n-About - The Feather River Canyon, California, USA |url=http://www.worldrailfans.info/Articles/US/FeatherRiverCanyon.shtml |publisher=WorldRailFans.info |accessdate=2010-09-11 |quote=the actual "canyon" portion petween Pulga and Keddie is only approx. 42 miles}} 5. ^{{Cite web |title=Plumas National Forest map |url=http://www.gentryoffroad.com/php/maps/california/nationalforestmaps/plumasnationalforest/plumasblank.jpg |accessdate=2010-08-22}} 6. ^{{cite map |publisher=ACME Mapper |title=USGS Topo Maps for United States |year= |cartography=United States Geological Survey |accessdate=2010-09-16 |url=http://mapper.acme.com/}} 7. ^{{Cite web |title=Wet Winter Strengthens Cascading Waterfalls in California State Parks |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/pages/24317/files/watefalls.pdf |publisher=California Department of Parks and Recreation |accessdate=2010-09-27}} 8. ^{{Cite web|title=North/East/Middle Feather & Upper Yuba ↔ Honey-Eagle watersheds |url=http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/county.cfm?fips_code=06063 |format=county & watersheds map with url list |work=Surf Your Watershed (Plumas County) |accessdate=2010-09-07}} 9. ^1 {{Cite web |last=George |first=Holly |title=Upper Feather River Watershed (UFRW) Irrigation Discharge Management Program |publisher=University of California |url=http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/1820/36228.pdf |accessdate=2010-09-07 |quote=It was after the gold rush of 1849, when white man first settled in the main valleys. The American and Indian Valleys were settled by immigrants in the 1850’s. It was reported that settlers first came into Sierra Valley in 1852. |display-authors=etal |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612162819/http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/files/filelibrary/1820/36228.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-12 |df= }} 10. ^http://www.energy.ca.gov/portfolio/documents/List_RPS_CERT.pdf 3 : Feather Headwaters|Feather River|California Gold Rush |
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