| 词条 | Fengman Dam |
| 释义 |
| name =Fengman Dam | name_official = | image =Fengman Dam.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | location_map =China | location_map_size = | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|43|43|10|N|126|41|19|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country =China | location =Jilin City, Jilin Province | status =In use | construction_began =1937 | opening =1953 | demolished = | cost = | owner =Northeast China Grid Company Limited | dam_type =Gravity | dam_length ={{Convert|1080|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height ={{Convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_crest ={{Convert|13.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | dam_volume = | dam_crosses =Second Songhua River | spillway_count = | spillway_type = 11 floodgates, 1 discharge tunnel | spillway_capacity = Gates:{{Convert|9240|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} Tunnel:{{Convert|1186|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} | res_name =Fengman Reservoir (Songhua Lake) | res_capacity_total ={{Convert|11460000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} | res_catchment ={{Convert|42500|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | res_surface ={{Convert|550|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} | res_max_depth ={{Convert|75|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | plant_hydraulic_head ={{Convert|110|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (design) | res_tidal_range = | plant_operator = | plant_commission =Stage I: 1943-1959 Stage II: 1992 Stage III: 1998 | plant_decommission = | plant_type =Conventional | plant_turbines = 1 X 60 MW, 2 X 65 MW, 1 x 72.5 MW, 4 x 83 MW, 2 x 85 MW, 2 X 140 MW Francis turbines[1][2] | plant_capacity = 1,002.5 MW | plant_annual_gen = 1890 GWh | website = | extra = }} The Fengman Dam is a concrete gravity dam {{Convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from Jilin City on the Second Songhua River in Jilin Province, China. The main purposes of the dam are hydroelectric power generation and flood control. Construction of the dam began in 1937 and was complete in 1953. Northeast China Grid Company Limited, the dam's owner, plans on rebuilding it in the future.[3] A new dam that will be more that 50% higher is under construction in 2016 with the completion date unknown at this time. HistoryConstruction on the Fengman Dam began in 1937 under the Japanese during their occupation of parts of China during World War II. In November 1942, the reservoir behind the dam began to fill and by March 1943, the first generators were operational. Still lacking floodgates, the dam was not entirely complete after the Japanese occupation in 1953. In 1959, the eighth and final generator of the first stage was installed, bringing the power station's installed capacity to 552.5 MW. Between 1970 and 1979, a tunnel was installed on the left bank of the dam and it was later converted into a flood discharge tunnel in 1991. In 1988, the second stage of construction began which included the installation of a ninth and tenth turbine. This was complete in 1992 and the plant's total installed capacity was 722.5 MW. From 1993 to 1998, the third stage of constructed on the dam was carried out, bringing the power station to a final installed capacity of 1002.5 MW.[4] ReservoirThe Fengman Reservoir, also known as Songhua Lake, has a capacity of {{Convert|11460000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|5350000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} is active or "useful" storage and {{Convert|2670000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} is used for flooding. The reservoir is narrow, {{Convert|180|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long, and has a surface area of {{Convert|550|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}. Normal reservoir level is {{Convert|261|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above sea level, minimum is {{Convert|242|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and a maximum of {{Convert|267|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The drainage or catchment area is {{Convert|42500|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|19000|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} is controlled by the Baishan Dam, {{Convert|11600|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} is located within the Daogou area and {{Convert|11900|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} is controlled by the Hongshi Dam. Annual rainfall in the reservoir zone is {{Convert|500|mm|inch|0|abbr=on}} - {{Convert|1020|mm|inch|0|abbr=on}} with 60-90 percent falling between July and September each year. Average mean runoff is {{Convert|426|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}, maximum mean is {{Convert|737|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} while the minimum mean is {{Convert|164|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}. Maximum instantaneous runoff during flooding can reach {{Convert|22800|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} while during ice season, it can be as low as {{Convert|10|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}}.[4] DesignThe Fengman dam is a {{Convert|91|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high and {{Convert|1080|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long concrete gravity dam which is divided into 60 {{Convert|18|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}sections. Sections 1-8, 20 and 32-60 are non-overflow while 9-19 contain the 11 crest overflow spillways. Sections 21-31 contain the ten intakes and penstocks for the power plant which rest at their base, the dam's toe. The dam's crest spillway has a {{Convert|9240|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} capacity while the {{Convert|683|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long, {{Convert|9.2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} diameter flood discharge tunnel on the left bank has a {{Convert|1186|m3/s|ft3/s|0|abbr=on}} capacity.[4] See also{{stack|{{Portal|China|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78-05867A000100300018-4.pdf References1. ^{{cite web|title=Hydroelectric Power Plants in China - Jilin & Heilongjiang |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-china-jilin-heilongjiang.htm|publisher=IndustCards|accessdate=9 January 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Fengman Hydropower Station|url=http://www.waterpub.com.cn/jhdb/DetailDam.asp?ID=52|publisher=Water Pub|accessdate=9 January 2011|language=Chinese}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Jilin Province to rebuild 1930s-era Fengman Dam|url=http://www.interfax.cn/news/12789|publisher=InterFax China|accessdate=9 January 2011}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Fengman Hydropower Station|url=http://www.chinawater.net.cn/icold2000/st-a6-03.html|publisher=China Water|accessdate=9 January 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726141621/http://www.chinawater.net.cn/icold2000/st-a6-03.html|archivedate=26 July 2011|df=}} 6 : Dams on the Second Songhua River|Dams in China|Gravity dams|Hydroelectric power stations in Jilin|Jilin City|Dams completed in 1953 |
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