“Fermat–Catalan conjecture”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In number theory, the Fermat–Catalan conjecture combines ideas of Fermat's last theorem and the Catalan conjecture, hence the name. The conjecture states that the equation

has only finitely many solutions (a,b,c,m,n,k) with distinct triplets of values (a^m, bⁿ, c^k) where a, b, c are positive coprime integers and m, n, k are positive integers satisfying

The inequality on m, n, and k is a necessary part of the conjecture. Without the inequality there would be infinitely many solutions, for instance with k = 1 (for any a, b, m, and n and with c = a^m + bⁿ) or with m, n, and k all equal to two (for the infinitely many known Pythagorean triples).

Known solutions

The first of these (1^m + 2³ = 3²) is the only solution where one of a, b or c is 1, according to the Catalan conjecture, proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu. While this case leads to infinitely many solutions of (1) (since one can pick any m for m > 6), these solutions only give a single triplet of values (a^m, bⁿ, c^k).

Partial results

It is known by the Darmon–Granville theorem, which uses Faltings's theorem, that for any fixed choice of positive integers m, n and k satisfying (2), only finitely many coprime triples (a, b, c) solving (1) exist.^[2]^[3]{{rp|p. 64}} However, the full Fermat–Catalan conjecture is stronger as it allows for the exponents m, n and k to vary.

For a list of results for impossible combinations of exponents, see Beal conjecture#Partial results. Beal's conjecture is true if and only if all Fermat–Catalan solutions have m = 2, n = 2, or k = 2.

See also

References

1. ^{{citation|first=Carl|last=Pomerance|authorlink=Carl Pomerance|contribution=Computational Number Theory|pages=361–362|title=The Princeton Companion to Mathematics|editor1-first=Timothy|editor1-last=Gowers|editor1-link=Timothy Gowers|editor2-first=June|editor2-last=Barrow-Green|editor3-first=Imre|editor3-last=Leader|editor3-link=Imre Leader|year=2008|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-11880-2}}.
2. ^{{cite journal |first1=H. |last1=Darmon |first2=A. |last2=Granville |title=On the equations z^m = F(x, y) and Ax^p + By^q = Cz^r |journal=Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society |volume=27 |pages=513–43 |year=1995 |doi=10.1112/blms/27.6.513 }}
3. ^{{cite journal|last=Elkies| first = Noam D. | title=The ABC's of Number Theory | journal = The Harvard College Mathematics Review | year=2007 | volume=1 | issue = 1 | url=http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/2793857/Elkies%20-%20ABCs%20of%20Number%20Theory.pdf?sequence=2}}
4. ^{{cite book | last = Waldschmidt | first = Michel | authorlink = Michel Waldschmidt | contribution = Lecture on the

conjecture and some of its consequences | doi = 10.1007/978-3-0348-0859-0_13 | mr = 3298238 | pages = 211–230 | publisher = Springer | location = Basel | series = Springer Proc. Math. Stat. | title = Mathematics in the 21st century | url = http://www.imj-prg.fr/~michel.waldschmidt/articles/pdf/abcLahoreProceedings.pdf | volume = 98 | year = 2015}}

Known solutions

Partial results

See also

References

External links