请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Fidgeting
释义

  1. Causes and effects

  2. Fidget toys

  3. See also

  4. References

Fidgeting is the act of moving about restlessly in a way that is not (socially recognized as) essential to ongoing tasks or events.[1][2] Fidgeting may involve playing with one's fingers,[2] hair, or personal objects (e.g. glasses, pens or items of clothing). Fidgeting is commonly used as a label for unexplained or subconscious activities and postural movements that people perform while seated. A common act of fidgeting is to bounce one's leg repeatedly. Rings are another common focus of fidgeting; variations include ring spinning, twirling or rolling along a table. Classrooms are sites of fidgeting, and traditionally teachers and students have viewed fidgeting as a sign of diminished attention,[3] which is summarized by the statement, “Concentration of consciousness, and concentration of movements; diffusion of ideas and diffusion of movements go together.”[4]

Causes and effects

Fidgeting may be a result of nervousness, frustration, agitation, boredom, ADHD, excitement or a combination of these.[5] When interested in a task, a seated person will suppress their fidgeting,[6] a process described as Non-Instrumental Movement Inhibition. Some education researchers consider fidgeting along with noise-making as clear signs of inattention or low lecture quality,[7] although educators point out that active engagement can take place without constantly directing attention to the instructor (i.e. engagement and attention are related but not equivalent [6]). Fidgeting is often a subconscious act and is increased during spontaneous mind-wandering.[8][9] Some researchers have proposed that fidgeting is not only an indicator of diminishing attention, but is also a subconscious attempt to increase arousal in order to improve attention.[10] While inattention is strongly associated with poor learning and poor information recall, research by Dr. Karen Pine and colleagues found that children that are allowed to fidget with their hands performed better in memory and learning tests.[13]

Fidgeting is considered a nervous habit, though it does have some underlying benefits. People who fidget regularly tend to weigh less than people who do not fidget because they burn more calories than those who remain still, which is called Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT).[11] It has been reported that fidgeting burns about 350 extra calories per day.

Fidgeting may be a result of genetics,[12][13] and is also related to extroversion.[14] Fidgeting can also be a medical sign, as seen in hyperthyroidism.[19] Hyperthyroid patients may be restless, become agitated easily, display fine tremors, and have trouble concentrating.[19]

Fidget toys

There are several devices that aim to aid fidgeting, including fidget cubes, fidget spinners, fidget sticks (kururin)[15] and fidget pens. These "fidget toys" are typically intended to help students with autism or ADHD focus better,[16][17] and come with a variety of buttons and switches that the user can play with.[18]

See also

  • Doodle
  • Proteans
  • Stereotypy
  • Stimming

References

1. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mehrabian|first=Albert|last2=Friedman|first2=Shan L|date=1986-06-01|title=An analysis of fidgeting and associated individual differences|journal=Journal of Personality|language=en|volume=54|issue=2|pages=406–429|doi=10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00402.x|issn=1467-6494}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://media.giphy.com/media/W6osTllrg7Yc/giphy.gif|title=Finger Tapping example animation|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Risko|first=Evan F.|last2=Anderson|first2=Nicola|last3=Sarwal|first3=Amara|last4=Engelhardt|first4=Megan|last5=Kingstone|first5=Alan|date=2012-03-01|title=Everyday Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture|journal=Applied Cognitive Psychology|language=en|volume=26|issue=2|pages=234–242|doi=10.1002/acp.1814|issn=1099-0720}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=The psychology of attention|last=Ribot|first=Théodule|publisher=Open Court|year=1890|isbn=9780548114025|location=Chicago, IL|pages=|oclc=707693480}}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Galton|first=Francis|date=1885-06-25|title=The Measure of Fidget|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/032174b0|journal=Nature|language=En|volume=32|issue=817|pages=174–175|doi=10.1038/032174b0|via=}}
6. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Witchel|first=Harry J.|last2=Santos|first2=Carlos P.|last3=Ackah|first3=James K.|last4=Westling|first4=Carina E. I.|last5=Chockalingam|first5=Nachiappan|date=2016|title=Non-Instrumental Movement Inhibition (NIMI) Differentially Suppresses Head and Thigh Movements during Screenic Engagement: Dependence on Interaction|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|language=English|volume=7|pages=157|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00157|pmid=26941666|pmc=4762992|issn=1664-1078}}
7. ^{{Cite book|last=Gligorić|first=N.|last2=Uzelac|first2=A.|last3=Krco|first3=S.|date=March 2012|title=Smart Classroom: Real-time feedback on lecture quality|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6197517/|journal=2012 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops|pages=391–394|doi=10.1109/percomw.2012.6197517|isbn=978-1-4673-0907-3}}
8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Carriere|first=Jonathan S. A.|last2=Seli|first2=Paul|last3=Smilek|first3=Daniel|title=Wandering in both mind and body: Individual differences in mind wandering and inattention predict fidgeting.|journal=Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology|language=en|volume=67|issue=1|pages=19–31|doi=10.1037/a0031438|pmid=23458548|year=2013}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Seli|first=Paul|last2=Carriere|first2=Jonathan S. A.|last3=Thomson|first3=David R.|last4=Cheyne|first4=James Allan|last5=Martens|first5=Kaylena A. Ehgoetz|last6=Smilek|first6=Daniel|title=Restless mind, restless body.|journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition|language=en|volume=40|issue=3|pages=660–668|doi=10.1037/a0035260|pmid=24364721|year=2014}}
10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Farley|first=James|last2=Risko|first2=Evan|last3=Kingstone|first3=Alan|date=2013|title=Everyday attention and lecture retention: the effects of time, fidgeting, and mind wandering|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|language=English|volume=4|pages=619|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00619|pmid=24065933|pmc=3776418|issn=1664-1078}}
11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Levine|first=James A.|date=2004-05-01|title=Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): environment and biology|url=http://ajpendo.physiology.org/content/286/5/E675|journal=American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism|language=en|volume=286|issue=5|pages=E675–E685|doi=10.1152/ajpendo.00562.2003|issn=0193-1849|pmid=15102614}}
12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Johannsen|first=Darcy L|last2=Ravussin|first2=Eric|title=Spontaneous physical activity: relationship between fidgeting and body weight control|url=http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=01266029-200810000-00004|journal=Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity|volume=15|issue=5|pages=409–415|doi=10.1097/med.0b013e32830b10bb|pmid=18769211|year=2008}}
13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Joosen|first=Annemiek|date=2005|title=Genetic analysis of physical activity in twins|url=|journal=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition|volume=82 |issue=6|pages=1253–1259|via=}}
14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Morris|first=Paul H.|last2=Warne|first2=Amy|title=Personality affects 'fidgeting' in the laboratory: Implications for experimental design|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191886917302738|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|volume=118|pages=7–10|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.023|year=2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Kururin|periodical=|publisher=|url=http://jonathanjamieson.com/projects/kururin/|deadurl=|format=|accessdate=2018-08-20|archiveurl=|archivedate=|last=Jonathan Jamieson|date=2017-01-24|month=|day=|language=|pages=|quote=}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.additudemag.com/fidget-toys-for-adhd-focus-at-work/|title=Fidgeting — It's Not Just for Kids|work=ADDitude Magazine|date=2016|last=Hallowell|first=Edward}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.additudemag.com/fidget-toys-for-adhd/|title=What Makes a Good Fidget?|work=ADDitude Magazine|date=2011|last=Marner|first=Kay}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/fidget-helps-concentration/|title=Are fidget toys legitimately good for your brain, or pseudoscientific snake oil?|work=Digital Trends|last=Dormehl|first=Luke|date=8 March 2017}}
19. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://pediatrics.about.com/od/weeklyquestion/a/04_fidgeting.htm |title=Bad Habits and Fidgeting At School |publisher=Pediatrics.about.com |accessdate=2009-10-02}}
20. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/4437171.stm |title=UK {{!}} Education {{!}} Fidgeting children 'learn more{{'-}} |publisher=BBC News |date=2005-04-12 |accessdate=2009-10-02}}
21. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Endocrinology in Clinical Practice |last1=Harris | first1=Philip E. |last2=Bouloux |first2=Pierre-Marc G.| year=2014| edition=2nd | publisher=CRC Press |page=259 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=jaPSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA269&dq=thyroxine+fidgeting#v=onepage&q=thyroxine%20fidgeting&f=false|isbn=9781841849522 }}
[19][20][21]
}}

2 : Habits|Symptoms and signs: Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/15 14:11:51