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词条 Fiery Cross (clipper)
释义

  1. Tea trade

  2. Great Tea Race of 1866

  3. Sailing performance

  4. References

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}}{{Infobox ship career		 Hide header =Ship country=United KingdomUnited Kingdom|civil}} Ship name = Ship owner = John Campbell, Glasgow Ship ordered = Ship builder = Shipyard at Chaloner, Liverpool Ship original cost = Ship laid down = Ship launched = 1860 Ship acquired = Ship commissioned = Ship decommissioned = Ship in service = Ship out of service = Ship renamed = Ship struck = Ship reinstated = Ship honours = Ship captured = Ship fate = Ship status = Ship notes = Arrived fourth in The Great Tea Race of 1866
}}{{Infobox ship career		 Hide header = noShip country=NorwayNorway|civil}} Ship name = Ellen Lines Ship owner = Ship ordered = Ship builder = Ship original cost = Ship laid down = Ship launched = Ship acquired = 1887 Ship commissioned = Ship decommissioned = Ship in service = Ship out of service = 1889 or 1893 Ship renamed = Ship struck = Ship reinstated = Ship honours = Ship captured = Ship fate = Ship status = Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		 Hide header = Header caption = Ship class = Clipper ship695}}[1]185|ft|m|abbr=on}}[1]31.7|ft|abbr=on}}[1] Ship draught = Ship draft =19.2|ft|abbr=on}}[1] Ship propulsion = Ship sail plan = Ship complement = Ship armament = Ship notes = Designed by William Rennie.[2] Equipped with Cunningham's roller-reefing top-sails and steel masts.[3]}
Fiery Cross was a famous British tea clipper[2] which sailed in the Great Tea Race of 1866. She was the first ship home in the tea seasons of 1861, 1862, 1863, and 1865.[1]

She was the second tea clipper of this name; the first Fiery Cross, built in 1855, had the same owner and designer and was also built in Liverpool. This earlier ship was lost on the then-uncharted Fiery Cross Reef in the China Sea on 4 March 1860 (the crew reached land safely in her boats). The new ship was already being built and so took on the name of her predecessor.[1]

Tea trade

From 1860 to 1875, the ship sailed in the tea trade between London and Chinese ports like Hong Kong, Foochow, Canton, and Shanghai.[2]

Great Tea Race of 1866

Laden with close to a million pounds of tea, Fiery Cross raced nine other ships from China to England in The Great Tea Race of 1866. Fiery Cross arrived fourth, in "the closest run ever recorded".[4] The first five ships, Taiping, Ariel, Serica, Fiery Cross, and Taitsing, finished the 14,000 mile race within three days of one another.

Fiery Cross had the best overall 24-hour run of all the competitors in this race on 24 June, when she travelled 318 miles, averaging 13.7 knots.[5]

Sailing performance

According to Lubbock, the tea clippers Fiery Cross, Taeping, Serica and Lahloo performed at their best in light breezes, as they were all rigged with single topsails.[6]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last=MacGregor |first=David R. |date= 1983|title=The Tea Clippers, Their History and Development 1833-1875 |url= |location= |publisher=Conway Maritime Press Limited |pages=120–123 |isbn=0 85177 256 0}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web| author = Lars Bruzelius| title = Fiery Cross | date = 2003-04-28| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Ships/Clippers/Fiery_Cross(1855).html| accessdate = 2015-12-14}}
3. ^{{cite web| author = Robert Kipping| title = Cunningham's Patent Self-Reefing Topsails | date = 1847| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Rigging/Kipping(1861)_p168b.html| accessdate = 2010-02-19}}
4. ^{{cite news| title = The Great Tea Race, 1866 | quote = "The Taeping took in 1,108,700 lbs. of tea, the Ariel 1,230,900 lbs., the Serica 954,236 lbs., the Fiery Cross 854,236 lbs., and the Taitsing 1,093,130 lbs."| publisher = The Shipping and Mercantile Gazette| date = 12 September 1866| pages = 5| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/News/SMG/SMG%281866-09-12%29_p5ab.html| accessdate = 2010-02-18}}
5. ^{{cite news| author = Arthur H. Clark | title = The clipper ship era; an epitome of famous American and British clipper ships, their owners, builders, commanders, and crews, 1843-1869| quote = "The best twenty-four hours' runs were as follows : Average, Ariel June 25 317 miles 13.2 knots ... Fiery Cross June 24 328 miles 13.7 knots"| publisher = G. P. Putnam's Sons| year = 1911| pages = 330| url = https://archive.org/stream/cu31924020891416/cu31924020891416_djvu.txt| accessdate = 2010-02-18}}
6. ^{{Cite book | last = Lubbock | first = Basil | title = The China Clippers | publisher = James Brown & Son | edition = 4th | year = 1919 | location = Glasgow | page = 155 }}
{{Clipper ships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fiery Cross (Clipper)}}

6 : Tea clippers|Individual sailing vessels|Ships built on the River Clyde|Victorian-era merchant ships of the United Kingdom|Merchant ships of Norway|1860 ships
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