| 词条 | Fiji and the United Nations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| nation = Fiji | image_flag = Flag of Fiji.svg | membership = Full member | since = {{start date|1970}} | sc_seat = Non-permanent (never elected) | representative_title = Ambassador | representative = Dr. Satyendra Prasad }}Fiji established its Permanent Mission to the United Nations on 13 October 1970, three days after obtaining its independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, Fiji's participation in the United Nations has been notable primarily for its active role in UN peacekeeping operations, which began in 1978.[1] List of ambassadorsThe following individuals have held office as Ambassador of Fiji to the United Nations.[2]
PeacekeepingFiji soldiers served in the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, which Fiji's Major General George Konrote commanded in 1998 and 1999.[4] The country has also contributed to other operations including Kosovo and Sinai,[5] and, in 2004, Fiji was the first country to volunteer troops to protect United Nations officials in Iraq. The BBC has remarked on Fiji's "long and proud history of sending its forces to the world's trouble-spots".[6] As of September 2004, 35 Fiji soldiers had been killed in the line of duty while serving on UN peacekeeping missions.[1] As of April 2007, Fiji had 292 soldiers, police officers and military observers serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations in Iraq, Liberia, Sudan and Timor-Leste. Following the military coup in Fiji in December 2006, New Zealand and Australia urged the United Nations to suspend Fiji's participation in peacekeeping operations, at first to little avail. Questioned by media, a spokesman for the office of the Secretary-General stated that "[t]he United Nations is grateful for the service provided by Fijian personnel to UN peacekeeping operations over many years and for the Fijian personnel currently serving in dangerous UN assignments, including in Iraq".[7] Fiji's military leader and interim Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama underlined his country's "proud track record in UN peacekeeping operations of professionalism, discipline, compassion and ability, training and ethics".[8] In September 2008, Fiji's participation in peacekeeping operations has reportedly been suspended.[9] In April 2009, however, United Nations peacekeeping missions were still employing 282 Fijian troops, military observers or police, a fact criticised by New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully.[10] Following lobbying from New Zealand and Australia, the United Nations announced that it would "continue to use Fijian police and soldiers in its current peacekeeping missions, but [would] not increase their numbers in future deployments".[11] In March 2010, this led newly appointed Fiji Ambassador Peter Thomson to approach U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to express Fiji's readiness and wish to commit further troops to U.N. peacekeeping operations.[12] As of June 2010, "Fiji troops are [...] the only UN blue helmets in Iraq since 2004 with a 221 strong contingent".[13] Climate changeIssues emphasised by Fiji at the United Nations in recent years have included the effect of climate change, notably on Small Island Developing States. Addressing the United Nations General Assembly in September 2008, Prime Minister Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama stated: "On the issue of Climate Change, Fiji looks to, and is relying, on your leadership. This is a very critical issue for the very small island and atoll nations in the Pacific. While the rest of the World continues to endlessly debate the implications of climate change, in the very small islands and atolls in the Pacific, the problem is very much upon us; it is now a present and very real danger. It poses a serious risk to regional stability and security. I appeal to the international community, and its system of institutions, to enhance efforts to assist us address (sic) the threat of global climate change. We need investments in adaptation measures. We need to move from rhetoric to a more pragmatic and speedy response. We call upon the agencies, and our regional partners, to coordinate efforts to ensure that we in the Pacific region have the capacity, both human and institutional, to deal with this new threat, especially as it is getting stronger. The observed and potential impacts on our people and ecosystems, due to climate change, are all too real and immediate."[9] (bolded in original) Addressing the Assembly ten years later in September 2018, after Fiji had presided over the 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference, he stated: "Madame President, Fiji is coming to the end of its presidency of COP23, of the United Nations’ ongoing climate negotiations among the nations of the world, but the struggle to fight global warming and to end the degradation of our oceans will continue to be Fiji’s highest priority. The many disastrous effects of climate change that we are seeing in the South Pacific or around the world are well-documented. The same can be said of the enormous stresses on our oceans arising from acidification, overfishing, warming and plastic refuse. The time to debate those facts is long past. As the Fijian Prime Minister, I meet thousands of Fijian women, men and children every year who have suffered from the latest wave of climate-related impacts; the cyclones, the flooding, the prolonged droughts, and the steadily rising seas. I meet with the farmers whose crops have been washed away, the teachers and students who have lost their schools and the families whose homes have been destroyed. They want their Prime Minister to demand that the world take action on their behalf. The commitments we have all made through our Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs fall woefully short of the mark. They simply will not get us to the goal of the Paris Agreement of reducing the rate of global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius target —let alone the more ambitious target of 1.5 degrees. What matters now, Madame President, is action. Fiji will press for more action on climate change and ocean health in every forum that we are a part of."[14] LeadershipUnder Frank Bainimarama's premiership, Fiji has sought to assume a more active and prominent role on international affairs, notably through the United Nations. In 2011, Fiji briefly sought election to the United Nations Security Council, which would have made it the first developing Pacific Island state to do so, but subsequently withdrew its candidacy.[15] In 2013 Fiji presided over the Group of 77, an association of 134 developing countries working together for their common interests at the United Nations. Fiji was the first small island developing state to preside over the G77, and Foreign Affairs Minister Ratu Inoke Kubuabola explained: "[R]ecently, the G77 has taken on negotiating positions in areas of climate change and sustainable development, the two areas which PSIDS focus on in New York. These are the two areas Fiji wishes to place emphasis on to ensure that the interests of all developing countries, including those of PSIDS, are effectively addressed".[16] In 2016, Fijian diplomat Peter Thomson was elected President of the Seventy-first session of the United Nations General Assembly, becoming the first Pacific Islander to hold the post. He told the General Assembly: "We bring special perspectives on climate change and on oceans issues and you can expect me to be vocal on those in the 71st session".[17] Fiji presided the 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP23), which took place in Bonn for practical reasons but under Fijian leadership. Under Fiji's impetus, it launched the "Talanoa Dialogue" to facilitate the implementation of efforts to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases.[18] In 2018, Fiji became the first Pacific Island country to be elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council. Fiji's Attorney-General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum emphasised Fiji's commitment to promoting "the right to education, healthcare, equal justice, adequate food, clean water, decent housing and many other fundamental rights for human progress and dignity".[19] 2010–11 voting recordFiji voted in favour of[20]
Fiji abstained from voting on
Fiji voted against
References1. ^1 [https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/fijeng040924.pdf Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase's to the 59th session of the United Nations General Assembly], 24 September 2004 2. ^"History of the Mission", official website of Fiji's Mission to the United Nations 3. ^"Thomson appointed Permanent Rep to the United Nations" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604130415/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?%20%20option=com_content&view=article&id=994%3Athomson-appointed-permanent-rep-to-the-%20%20united-nations&catid=71%3Apress-releases&Itemid=155 |date=4 June 2011 }}, 5 February 2010, Fiji government website 4. ^"RFMF OVERSEAS DEPLOYMENTS", official website of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces 5. ^[https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/fiji_islands-e.pdf Minister for Foreign Affairs and External Trade Kaliopate Tavola's address to the 61st session of the United Nations General Assembly], 26 September 2006 6. ^"Fiji agrees to protect UN in Iraq", BBC, 20 October 2004 7. ^"UN To Consider Fiji On 'Case By Case Basis'", Scoop.co.nz, 20 May 2007 8. ^"UN told of coup cycle, peacekeeping link", Fiji Times, 1 October 2008 9. ^1 [https://www.un.org/ga/63/generaldebate/fiji.shtml Prime Minister Voreqe Bainamarama's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly], 26 September 2008 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=10567829 |title=McCully attacks UN for 'hypocritical' use of Fijian troops |author=Young, Audrey |date=22 April 2009 |work=The New Zealand Herald |accessdate=30 September 2011}} 11. ^"UN bars Fijian peacekeepers in future missions", Xinhua, 2 May 2009 12. ^"Fiji Envoy Meets UN Head To Discuss Country's Role In International Relations", All Headline News, 16 March 2010 13. ^"Fiji to develop relations with Arab countries", Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, 26 June 2010 14. ^"HON. PM BAINIMARAMA'S NATIONAL ADDRESS AT THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN NEW YORK", Fiji Government, September 2018 15. ^[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pakistan-tries-for-UN-Security-Council-faces-unexpected-block-but-not-from-India/articleshow/10308024.cms?referral=PM "Pakistan tries for UN Security Council, faces unexpected block, but not from India"], The Times of India, 11 October 2011 16. ^"Fiji’s Leadership of G77 a ‘Rare Opportunity’ for the Pacific", Inter Press Service, 15 October 2012 17. ^[https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/1975052/fijian-diplomat-peter-thomson-elected-next-president "Fijian diplomat Peter Thomson elected next president of UN General Assembly"], South China Morning Post, 14 June 2016 18. ^[https://www.dw.com/en/talanoa-dialogue-giving-everyone-a-voice-in-the-climate-conversation/a-42479711 "Talanoa dialogue: Giving everyone a voice in the climate conversation"], Deutsche Welle, 9 February 2018 19. ^"Fiji, First In Pacific To Be In UN Human Rights Council", Fiji Sun, 14 October 2018 20. ^[https://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/r65.shtml Resolutions of the General Assembly] External links
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