| 词条 | Island country |
| 释义 |
An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} As of 1996, 25.2% of all independent countries were island countries.[1] PoliticsThe percentage of island countries that are democratic is higher than that of continental countries. Historically they have been less prone to political instability than their continental counterparts.[1] WarIsland countries have often been the basis of maritime conquest and historical rivalry between other countries.[2] Island countries are more susceptible to attack by large, continental countries due to their size and dependence on sea and air lines of communication.[3] Many island countries are also vulnerable to predation by mercenaries and other foreign invaders,[4] although their isolation also makes them a difficult target. Natural resourcesMany island countries rely heavily on fish for their main supply of food.[5] Some are turning to renewable energy—such as wind power, hydropower, geothermal power and biodiesel from copra oil—to combat the rise in oil prices.[6] GeographySome island countries are more affected than other countries by climate change, which produces problems such as reduced land use, water scarcity and sometimes even resettlement issues. Some low-lying island countries are slowly being submerged by the rising water levels of the Pacific Ocean.[7] Climate change also impacts island countries by causing natural disasters such as tropical cyclones, hurricanes, flash floods and drought.[8] In 2011, the Center for Climate Change Law (CCCL) held a conference attended by 272 registrants from 39 island nations titled Legal Issues for Threatened Island Nations.[9] EconomicsMany island countries rely heavily on imports and are greatly affected by changes in the global economy.[10] Due to the nature of island countries their economies are often characterised by being smaller, relatively isolated from world trade and economy, more vulnerable to shipping costs, and more likely to suffer environmental damage to infrastructure; exceptions include Japan and the United Kingdom.[11][12][13] The dominant industry for many island countries is tourism.[14] CompositionIsland countries are typically small with low populations, although some, like Indonesia and Japan are notable exceptions.[15] Some island countries are centred on one or two major islands, such as the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, New Zealand, Cuba, Bahrain, Singapore, Iceland, Malta, and Taiwan. Others are spread out over hundreds or thousands of smaller islands, such as Indonesia, the Philippines, The Bahamas, Seychelles, and the Maldives. Some island countries share one or more of their islands with other countries, such as the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland; Haiti and the Dominican Republic; and Indonesia, which shares islands with Papua New Guinea, Brunei, East Timor, and Malaysia. Bahrain, Singapore and the United Kingdom have fixed links such as bridges and tunnels to the continental landmass: Bahrain is linked to Saudi Arabia by the King Fahd Causeway, Singapore to Malaysia by the Johor–Singapore Causeway and Second Link, and the United Kingdom has a railway connection to France through the Channel Tunnel. Geographically, the country of Australia is considered a continental landmass rather than an island, covering the largest landmass of the Australian continent. In the past, however, it was considered an island country for tourism purposes[16] (among others) and is sometimes referred to as such.[17] See also{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 {{cite book| last = Ott| first = Dan| title = Small is Democratic| publisher = Routledge | date = 1996| page = 128| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JOqZ9eOeRXoC&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false| isbn = 0-8153-3910-0| access-date = March 23, 2019}} {{Authority control}}{{Lists of countries and territories by continent}}Eyríki2. ^{{cite news| last = Chasle| first = Raymond| title = The quest for identity. (island countries)| publisher = UNESCO Courier| date = 1 Oct 1986| url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9197350_ITM| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 3. ^{{cite book| last = Perry| first = Walt L.|author2=Robert W. Button |author3=Jerome Bracken |author4=Thomas Sullivan |author5=Rand Corporation |author6=United States Navy |author7=Jonathan Mitchell | title = Measures of Effectiveness for the Information-age Navy| publisher = Rand Corporation| year = 2002| pages = 7| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VwI0WLby3WoC&pg=PA7&dq=%22island+country%22&lr=#PPA7,M1| isbn = 0-8330-3139-2}} 4. ^{{cite news| last = WREN| first = CHRISTOPHER S.| title = Mercenary Holding Island Nation Seeks Deal| publisher = New York Times| date = December 9, 1989| url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE3DB173CF93AA35751C1A96F948260| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Many of the world's poorest people depend on fish |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |date=2005-06-07 |url=http://www.fao.org/Newsroom/en/news/2005/102911/index.html |accessdate=2017-09-30 }} 6. ^{{cite web |last = Xingwei |first = Huang |title = Pacific Islands countries switch to renewable energy source due to increasing fuel prices |publisher = |date = 2008-10-17 |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/17/content_10210370.htm |accessdate = 2009-02-01 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402144005/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-10/17/content_10210370.htm |archivedate = 2015-04-02 |df = }} 7. ^{{cite web| title = Leader of disappearing island nation says climate change an issue of survival, not economics| date = June 5, 2008| url = http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/05/asia/AS-GEN-New-Zealand-World-Environment-Day.php| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 8. ^{{cite web| title = FAO: Climate change threatens food security of Pacific island countries| date = December 2, 2008| url = http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90856/6544815.html| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2826|title=Threatened Island Nations Conference - The Earth Institute - Columbia University|author=|date=|website=www.earth.columbia.edu|accessdate=19 April 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web| title = Global economic crisis a concern for Pacific island countries| date = 2008-10-28| url = http://www.cctv.com/program/bizchina/20081028/106856.shtml| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 11. ^{{cite web| title = WTO/FORSEC Trade Policy Course for Pacific island countries| date = 9 March 2001| url = http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news01_e/fiji_e.htm| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 12. ^{{cite web |title = NZ calls for global solutions to problems faced by small island nations |date = 2005-01-18 |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-01/18/content_2475179.htm |accessdate = 2009-02-01 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121024065854/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-01/18/content_2475179.htm |archivedate = 2012-10-24 |df = }} 13. ^{{cite web| last = Garg| first = Sarika| title = U.N. ambassador gives keynote| url = http://www.thedp.com/article/1994/04/u.n._ambassador_gives_keynote| accessdate = 2017-09-05}} 14. ^{{cite news| title = China enlists Pacific island countries as tourist destinations, XINHUA.| date = 10 August 2004| url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-12915601_ITM| accessdate = 1 February 2009| work=The America's Intelligence Wire}} 15. ^{{cite web| title = Wen pledges new aid to Pacific countries| publisher = International Herald Tribune| date = April 5, 2006| url = http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/04/05/news/pacific.php| accessdate = 2013-08-21}} 16. ^{{cite web| title = Australian Naval Defence| publisher = The Brisbane Courier| date = 24 July 1897| url = http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3655029| accessdate = 2009-01-31}} 17. ^{{cite web| title = China, Pacific island countries discuss cooperation at forum meeting| url = http://english.people.com.cn/200604/05/eng20060405_256086.html| accessdate = 2009-02-01}} 3 : Island countries|Political geography|Country classifications |
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