| 释义 |
- List of isotopes Notes
- Applications
- References
{{for|MO99 Freon mix R438A|Refrigerant}}{{infobox molybdenum isotopes}}Molybdenum (42Mo) has 33 known isotopes, ranging in atomic mass from 83 to 115, as well as four metastable nuclear isomers. Seven isotopes occur naturally, with atomic masses of 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 100. All unstable isotopes of molybdenum decay into isotopes of zirconium, niobium, technetium, and ruthenium.[1] Molybdenum-100 is the only naturally occurring isotope that is not stable. Molybdenum-100 has a half-life of approximately 1×1019 y and undergoes double beta decay into ruthenium-100. Molybdenum-98 is the most common isotope, comprising 24.14% of all molybdenum on Earth. Molybdenum isotopes with mass numbers 111 and up all have half-lives of approximately .15 s.[1] List of isotopes nuclide
symbol | Z(p) | N(n) |
isotopic mass (u)
| half-life[2] | decay
mode(s)[3][4] | daughter
isotope(s)[5] | nuclear
spin and
parity | representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction) | range of natural
variation
(mole fraction) | | excitation energy |
|---|
| 83Mo | 42 | 41 | 82.94874(54)# | 23(19) ms
[6(+30-3) ms] | β+ | 83Nb | 3/2−# | | | | β+, p | 82Zr | | 84Mo | 42 | 42 | 83.94009(43)# | 3.8(9) ms
[3.7(+10-8) s] | β+ | 84Nb | 0+ | | 85Mo | 42 | 43 | 84.93655(30)# | 3.2(2) s | β+ | 85Nb | (1/2−)# | | 86Mo | 42 | 44 | 85.93070(47) | 19.6(11) s | β+ | 86Nb | 0+ | | 87Mo | 42 | 45 | 86.92733(24) | 14.05(23) s | β+ (85%) | 87Nb | 7/2+# | | | | β+, p (15%) | 86Zr | | 88Mo | 42 | 46 | 87.921953(22) | 8.0(2) min | β+ | 88Nb | 0+ | | 89Mo | 42 | 47 | 88.919480(17) | 2.11(10) min | β+ | 89Nb | (9/2+) | | 89mMo | 387.5(2) keV | 190(15) ms | IT | 89Mo | (1/2−) | | 90Mo | 42 | 48 | 89.913937(7) | 5.56(9) h | β+ | 90Nb | 0+ | | 90mMo | 2874.73(15) keV | 1.12(5) µs | 8+# | | 91Mo | 42 | 49 | 90.911750(12) | 15.49(1) min | β+ | 91Nb | 9/2+ | | 91mMo | 653.01(9) keV | 64.6(6) s | IT (50.1%) | 91Mo | 1/2− | | | | β+ (49.9%) | 91Nb | | 92Mo | 42 | 50 | 91.906811(4) | Observationally Stable[6] | 0+ | 0.14649(106) | | 92mMo | 2760.46(16) keV | 190(3) ns | 8+ | | 93Mo | 42 | 51 | 92.906813(4) | 4,000(800) y | EC | 93Nb | 5/2+ | | 93mMo | 2424.89(3) keV | 6.85(7) h | IT (99.88%) | 93Mo | 21/2+ | | | | β+ (.12%) | 93Nb | | 94Mo | 42 | 52 | 93.9050883(21) | Stable | 0+ | 0.09187(33) | | 95Mo[7] | 42 | 53 | 94.9058421(21) | Stable | 5/2+ | 0.15873(30) | | 96Mo | 42 | 54 | 95.9046795(21) | Stable | 0+ | 0.16673(30) | | 97Mo[7] | 42 | 55 | 96.9060215(21) | Stable | 5/2+ | 0.09582(15) | | 98Mo[7] | 42 | 56 | 97.90540482(21) | Observationally Stable[8] | 0+ | 0.24292(80) | | 99Mo[7][9] | 42 | 57 | 98.9077119(21) | 2.7489(6) d | β− | 99mTc | 1/2+ | | 99m1Mo | 97.785(3) keV | 15.5(2) µs | 5/2+ | | 99m2Mo | 684.5(4) keV | 0.76(6) µs | 11/2− | | 100Mo[10][7] | 42 | 58 | 99.907477(6) | 8.5(5)×1018 a | β−β− | 100Ru | 0+ | 0.09744(65) | | 101Mo | 42 | 59 | 100.910347(6) | 14.61(3) min | β− | 101Tc | 1/2+ | | 102Mo | 42 | 60 | 101.910297(22) | 11.3(2) min | β− | 102Tc | 0+ | | 103Mo | 42 | 61 | 102.91321(7) | 67.5(15) s | β− | 103Tc | (3/2+) | | 104Mo | 42 | 62 | 103.91376(6) | 60(2) s | β− | 104Tc | 0+ | | 105Mo | 42 | 63 | 104.91697(8) | 35.6(16) s | β− | 105Tc | (5/2−) | | 106Mo | 42 | 64 | 105.918137(19) | 8.73(12) s | β− | 106Tc | 0+ | | 107Mo | 42 | 65 | 106.92169(17) | 3.5(5) s | β− | 107Tc | (7/2−) | | 107mMo | 66.3(2) keV | 470(30) ns | (5/2−) | | 108Mo | 42 | 66 | 107.92345(21)# | 1.09(2) s | β− | 108Tc | 0+ | | 109Mo | 42 | 67 | 108.92781(32)# | 0.53(6) s | β− | 109Tc | (7/2−)# | | 110Mo | 42 | 68 | 109.92973(43)# | 0.27(1) s | β− (>99.9%) | 110Tc | 0+ | | | | β−, n (<.1%) | 109Tc | | 111Mo | 42 | 69 | 110.93441(43)# | 200# ms
[>300 ns] | β− | 111Tc | | 112Mo | 42 | 70 | 111.93684(64)# | 150# ms
[>300 ns] | β− | 112Tc | 0+ | | 113Mo | 42 | 71 | 112.94188(64)# | 100# ms
[>300 ns] | β− | 113Tc | | 114Mo | 42 | 72 | 113.94492(75)# | 80# ms
[>300 ns] | 0+ | | 115Mo | 42 | 73 | 114.95029(86)# | 60# ms
[>300 ns] |
1. ^1 {{CRC87}}
2. ^Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}}
4. ^Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
5. ^Bold for stable isotopes
6. ^Believed to decay by β+β+ to 92Zr with a half-life over 1.9×1020 years
7. ^1 2 3 4 Fission product
8. ^Believed to decay by β−β− to 98Ru with a half-life of over 1×1014 years
9. ^Used to produce the medically useful radioisotope technetium-99m
10. ^Primordial radionuclide
11. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a769414426~db=all |title=Feasibility of Eliminating the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in the Production of Medical Radioisotopes|author=Frank N. Von Hippel |author2=Laura H. Kahn |journal=Science & Global Security |volume=14 |issue= 2 & 3 |date=December 2006 |pages=151–162 |doi=10.1080/08929880600993071 |accessdate=2010-03-26}}
Notes - Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
Applications Molybdenum-99 is produced commercially by intense neutron-bombardment of a highly purified uranium-235 target, followed rapidly by extraction.[11] It is used as a parent radioisotope in technetium-99m generators to produce the even shorter-lived daughter isotope technetium-99m, which is used in many medical procedures. References- Isotope masses from:
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- {{CAWIA 2003}}
- {{CIAAW 2005}}
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
- {{NNDC}}
- {{CRC85|chapter=11}}
{{Navbox element isotopes}} 3 : Molybdenum|Isotopes of molybdenum|Lists of isotopes by element |