“Isotopes of radon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

There are 35 known isotopes of radon (₈₆Rn) from ¹⁹⁵Rn to ²²⁹Rn; all are radioactive. The most stable isotope is ²²²Rn with a half-life of 3.823 days, which decays into {{SimpleNuclide2|Polonium|218|link=yes}}. Four isotopes of radon, ^{218, 219, 220, 222}Rn occur in trace quantities in nature as decay products of, respectively, ²¹⁸At, ²²³Ra, ²²⁴Ra, and ²²⁶Ra. ²¹⁸Rn and ²²²Rn are intermediate steps in the decay chain for ²³⁸U, ²¹⁹Rn is an intermediate step in the decay chain for ²³⁵U, and ²²⁰Rn occurs in the decay chain for ²³²Th.

List of isotopes

nuclide
symbol

historic
name

Z(p)

N(n)

isotopic mass (u)

half-life

decay
mode(s)^[1]^[2]

daughter
isotope(s)

nuclear
spin and
parity

representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)

range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)

excitation energy

¹⁹⁵Rn

109

195.00544(5)

6 ms

3/2−#

^195mRn

50(50) keV

6 ms

13/2+#

¹⁹⁶Rn

110

196.002115(16)

4.7(11) ms
[4.4(+13−9) ms]

¹⁹²Po

β⁺ (rare)

¹⁹⁶At

¹⁹⁷Rn

111

197.00158(7)

66(16) ms
[65(+23−14) ms]

¹⁹³Po

3/2−#

β⁺ (rare)

¹⁹⁷At

^197mRn

200(60)# keV

21(5) ms
[19(+8−4) ms]

¹⁹³Po

(13/2+)

β⁺ (rare)

¹⁹⁷At

¹⁹⁸Rn

112

197.998679(14)

65(3) ms

α (99%)

¹⁹⁴Po

β⁺ (1%)

¹⁹⁸At

¹⁹⁹Rn

113

198.99837(7)

620(30) ms

α (94%)

¹⁹⁵Po

3/2−#

β⁺ (6%)

¹⁹⁹At

^199mRn

180(70) keV

320(20) ms

α (97%)

¹⁹⁵Po

13/2+#

β⁺ (3%)

¹⁹⁹At

²⁰⁰Rn

114

199.995699(14)

0.96(3) s

α (98%)

¹⁹⁶Po

β⁺ (2%)

²⁰⁰At

²⁰¹Rn

115

200.99563(8)

7.0(4) s

α (80%)

¹⁹⁷Po

(3/2−)

β⁺ (20%)

²⁰¹At

^201mRn

280(90)# keV

3.8(1) s

α (90%)

¹⁹⁷Po

(13/2+)

β⁺ (10%)

²⁰¹At

IT (<1%)

²⁰¹Rn

²⁰²Rn

116

201.993263(19)

9.94(18) s

α (85%)

¹⁹⁸Po

β⁺ (15%)

²⁰²At

²⁰³Rn

117

202.993387(25)

44.2(16) s

α (66%)

¹⁹⁹Po

(3/2−)

β⁺ (34%)

²⁰³At

^203mRn

363(4) keV

26.7(5) s

α (80%)

¹⁹⁹Po

13/2(+)

β⁺ (20%)

²⁰³At

²⁰⁴Rn

118

203.991429(16)

1.17(18) min

α (73%)

²⁰⁰Po

β⁺ (27%)

²⁰⁴At

²⁰⁵Rn

119

204.99172(5)

170(4) s

β⁺ (77%)

²⁰⁵At

5/2−

α (23%)

²⁰¹Po

²⁰⁶Rn

120

205.990214(16)

5.67(17) min

α (62%)

²⁰²Po

β⁺ (38%)

²⁰⁶At

²⁰⁷Rn

121

206.990734(28)

9.25(17) min

β⁺ (79%)

²⁰⁷At

5/2−

α (21%)

²⁰³Po

^207mRn

899.0(10) keV

181(18) µs

(13/2+)

²⁰⁸Rn

122

207.989642(12)

24.35(14) min

α (62%)

²⁰⁴Po

β⁺ (38%)

²⁰⁸At

²⁰⁹Rn

123

208.990415(21)

28.5(10) min

β⁺ (83%)

²⁰⁹At

5/2−

α (17%)

²⁰⁵Po

^209m1Rn

1173.98(13) keV

13.4(13) µs

13/2+

^209m2Rn

3636.78(23) keV

3.0(3) µs

(35/2+)

²¹⁰Rn

124

209.989696(9)

2.4(1) h

α (96%)

²⁰⁶Po

β⁺ (4%)

²¹⁰At

^210m1Rn

1690(15) keV

644(40) ns

8+#

^210m2Rn

3837(15) keV

1.06(5) µs

(17)−

^210m3Rn

6493(15) keV

1.04(7) µs

(22)+

²¹¹Rn

125

210.990601(7)

14.6(2) h

α (72.6%)

²⁰⁷Po

1/2−

β⁺ (27.4%)

²¹¹At

²¹²Rn

126

211.990704(3)

23.9(12) min

²⁰⁸Po

β⁺β⁺ (rare)

²¹²Po

²¹³Rn

127

212.993883(6)

19.5(1) ms

²⁰⁹Po

(9/2+)

²¹⁴Rn

128

213.995363(10)

0.27(2) µs

²¹⁰Po

β⁺β⁺ (rare)

²¹⁴Po

^214mRn

4595.4 keV

245(30) ns

(22+)

²¹⁵Rn

129

214.998745(8)

2.30(10) µs

²¹¹Po

9/2+

²¹⁶Rn

130

216.000274(8)

45(5) µs

²¹²Po

²¹⁷Rn

131

217.003928(5)

0.54(5) ms

²¹³Po

9/2+

²¹⁸Rn

132

218.0056013(25)

35(5) ms

²¹⁴Po

Trace^[3]

²¹⁹Rn

Actinon
Actinium emanation

133

219.0094802(27)

3.96(1) s

²¹⁵Po

5/2+

Trace^[4]

²²⁰Rn

Thoron
Thorium emanation

134

220.0113940(24)

55.6(1) s

²¹⁶Po

Trace^[5]

β⁻β⁻ (rare)

²²⁰Ra

²²¹Rn

135

221.015537(6)

25.7(5) min

β⁻ (78%)

²²¹Fr

7/2(+)

α (22%)

²¹⁷Po

²²²Rn

Radon^[6]
Radium emanation
Emanation
Emanon
Niton

136

222.0175777(25)

3.8235(3) d

²¹⁸Po

Trace^[3]

²²³Rn

137

223.02179(32)#

24.3(4) min

β⁻

²²³Fr

7/2

²²⁴Rn

138

224.02409(32)#

107(3) min

β⁻

²²⁴Fr

²²⁵Rn

139

225.02844(32)#

4.66(4) min

β⁻

²²⁵Fr

7/2−

²²⁶Rn

140

226.03089(43)#

7.4(1) min

β⁻

²²⁶Fr

²²⁷Rn

141

227.03541(45)#

20.8(7) s

β⁻

²²⁷Fr

5/2(+#)

²²⁸Rn

142

228.03799(44)#

65(2) s

β⁻

²²⁸Fr

²²⁹Rn^[7]

143

229.0426536(141)

12(1) s

β⁻

²²⁹Fr

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}}
2. ^Abbreviations:
IT: Isomeric transition
3. ^¹Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U
4. ^Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U
5. ^Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th
6. ^Source of element's name
7. ^{{cite journal |last1=Neidherr |first1=D. |last2=Audi |first2=G. |first3=D. |last3=Beck |first4=K. |last4=Baum |first5=Ch. |last5=Böhm |first6=M. |last6=Breitenfeldt |first7=R. B. |last7=Cakirli |first8=R. F. |last8=Casten |first9=S. |last9=George |first10=F. |last10=Herfurth |first11=A. |last11=Herlert |first12=A. |last12=Kellerbauer |first13=M. |last13=Kowalska |first14=D. |last14=Lunney |first15=E. |last15=Minaya-Ramirez |first16=S. |last16=Naimi |first17=E. |last17=Noah |first18=L. |last18=Penescu |first19=M. |last19=Rosenbusch |first20=S. |last20=Schwarz |first21=L. |last21=Schweikhard |first22=T. |last22=Stora |date=19 March 2009 |title=Discovery of ²²⁹Rn and the Structure of the Heaviest Rn and Ra Isotopes from Penning-Trap Mass Measurements |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=102 |issue=11 |pages=112501–1–112501–5 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.112501|pmid=19392194 |bibcode=2009PhRvL.102k2501N |url=http://cds.cern.ch/record/1190495/files/PhysRevLett.102.112501.pdf }}

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.

Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

Isotope masses from:
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- {{CAWIA 2003}}
- {{CIAAW 2005}}
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
- {{NNDC}}
- {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

3 : Radon|Isotopes of radon|Lists of isotopes by element