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词条 Isotopes of rhodium
释义

  1. List of isotopes

      Notes  

  2. References

{{infobox rhodium isotopes}}

Naturally occurring rhodium (45Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope, 103Rh.[1] The most stable radioisotopes are 101Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 88.949 u (89Rh) to 121.943 u (122Rh). Most of these have half-lifes that are less than an hour except 100Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and 105Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous meta states with the most stable being 102mRh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 3.7 years and 101mRh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days.

The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103Rh, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 103Rh is ruthenium and the primary product after is palladium.

List of isotopes

nuclide
symbol		 Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 		half-lifedecay
mode(s)[2][3]		daughter
isotope(s)[4]		nuclear
spin and
parity		representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)		range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
89Rh4544 88.94884(48)# 10# ms
[>1.5 µs]		 β+ 89Ru 7/2+#
90Rh4545 89.94287(54)# 15(7) ms
[12(+9−4) ms]		 β+ 90Ru 0+#
90mRh0(500)# keV 1.1(3) s
[1.0(+3−2) s]		 9+#
91Rh4546 90.93655(43)# 1.74(14) s β+ 91Ru 7/2+#
91mRh 1.46(11) s (1/2−)
92Rh4547 91.93198(43)# 4.3(13) s β+ 92Ru (6+)
92mRh 4.66(25) s
[2.9(+15−8) s]		 (≥6+)
93Rh4548 92.92574(43)# 11.9(7) s β+ 93Ru 9/2+#
94Rh454993.92170(48)#70.6(6) s β+ (98.2%) 94Ru(2+,4+)
β+, p (1.79%) 93Tc
94mRh300(200)# keV 25.8(2) s β+ 94Ru (8+)
95Rh4550 94.91590(16) 5.02(10) min β+ 95Ru (9/2)+
95mRh543.3(3) keV1.96(4) min IT (88%) 95Rh(1/2)−
β+ (12%) 95Ru
96Rh4551 95.914461(14) 9.90(10) min β+ 96Ru (6+)
96mRh52.0(1) keV1.51(2) min IT (60%) 96Rh(3+)
β+ (40%) 96Ru
97Rh4552 96.91134(4) 30.7(6) min β+ 97Ru 9/2+
97mRh258.85(17) keV46.2(16) min β+ (94.4%) 97Ru1/2−
IT (5.6%) 97Rh
98Rh4553 97.910708(13) 8.72(12) min β+ 98Ru (2)+
98mRh60(50)# keV3.6(2) min IT 98Rh(5+)
β+ 98Ru
99Rh4554 98.908132(8) 16.1(2) d β+ 99Ru 1/2−
99mRh64.3(4) keV4.7(1) h β+ (99.83%) 99Ru9/2+
IT (.16%) 99Rh
100Rh4555 99.908122(20) 20.8(1) h β+ 100Ru 1−
100m1Rh107.6(2) keV4.6(2) min IT (98.3%) 100Rh(5+)
β+ (1.7%) 100Ru
100m2Rh74.78(2) keV 214.0(20) ns (2)+
100m3Rh112.0+X keV 130(10) ns (7+)
101Rh4556 100.906164(18) 3.3(3) y EC 101Ru 1/2−
101mRh157.32(4) keV4.34(1) d EC (93.6%) 101Ru9/2+
IT (6.4%) Rh
102Rh4557101.906843(5)207.0(15) d β+ (80%) 102Ru(1−,2−)
β− (20%) 102Pd
102mRh140.75(8) keV3.742(10) y β+ (99.77%) 102Ru6+
IT (.23%) 102Rh
103Rh[5]4558 102.905504(3)Stable 1/2− 1.0000
103mRh39.756(6) keV 56.114(9) min IT 103Rh 7/2+
104Rh4559103.906656(3)42.3(4) s β− (99.55%) 104Pd1+
β+ (.449%) 104Ru
104mRh128.967(4) keV 4.34(3) min 5+
105Rh[5]4560 104.905694(4) 35.36(6) h β− 105Pd 7/2+
105mRh129.781(4) keV42.9(3) s IT 105Rh1/2−
β− 105Pd
106Rh4561 105.907287(8) 29.80(8) s β− 106Pd 1+
106mRh136(12) keV 131(2) min β− 106Pd (6)+
107Rh4562 106.906748(13) 21.7(4) min β− 107Pd 7/2+
107mRh268.36(4) keV >10 µs 1/2−
108Rh4563 107.90873(11) 16.8(5) s β− 108Pd 1+
108mRh-60(110) keV 6.0(3) min β− 108Pd (5)(+#)
109Rh4564 108.908737(13) 80(2) s β− 109Pd 7/2+
110Rh4565 109.91114(5) 28.5(15) s β− 110Pd (>3)(+#)
110mRh-60(50) keV 3.2(2) s β− 110Pd 1+
111Rh4566 110.91159(3) 11(1) s β− 111Pd (7/2+)
112Rh4567 111.91439(6) 3.45(37) s β− 112Pd 1+
112mRh330(70) keV 6.73(15) s β− 112Pd (4,5,6)
113Rh4568 112.91553(5) 2.80(12) s β− 113Pd (7/2+)
114Rh4569113.91881(12)1.85(5) s β− (>99.9%) 114Pd1+
β−, n (<.1%) 113Pd
114mRh200(150)# keV 1.85(5) s β− 114Pd (4,5)
115Rh4570 114.92033(9) 0.99(5) s β− 115Pd (7/2+)#
116Rh4571115.92406(15)0.68(6) s β− (>99.9%) 116Pd1+
β−, n (<.1%) 115Pd
116mRh200(150)# keV 570(50) ms β− 116Pd (6−)
117Rh4572 116.92598(54)# 0.44(4) s β− 117Pd (7/2+)#
118Rh4573 117.93007(54)# 310(30) ms β− 118Pd (4−10)(+#)
119Rh4574 118.93211(64)# 300# ms
[>300 ns]		 β− 119Pd 7/2+#
120Rh4575 119.93641(64)# 200# ms
[>300 ns]		 β− 120Pd
121Rh4576 120.93872(97)# 100# ms
[>300 ns]		 β− 121Pd 7/2+#
122Rh4577 121.94321(75)# 50# ms
[>300 ns]
1. ^{{cite journal |author=John W. Arblaster |title=The Discoverers of the Rhodium Isotopes. The thirty-eight known rhodium isotopes found between 1934 and 2010 |journal=Platinum Metals Review |volume=55 |issue=2 |date=April 2011 |pages=124–134 |doi=10.1595/147106711X555656}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}}
3. ^Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
4. ^Bold for stable isotopes
5. ^1 Fission product

Notes

  • Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
  • Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

  • Isotope masses from:
    • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
    • {{CAWIA 2003}}
    • {{CIAAW 2005}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
    • {{NUBASE 2003}}
    • {{NNDC}}
    • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}
{{Navbox element isotopes}}

3 : Rhodium|Isotopes of rhodium|Lists of isotopes by element
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