“Isotopes of strontium”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Isotopes of strontium

释义

List of isotopes
Notes
References

The alkaline earth metal strontium (₃₈Sr) has four stable, naturally occurring isotopes: ⁸⁴Sr (0.56%), ⁸⁶Sr (9.86%), ⁸⁷Sr (7.0%) and ⁸⁸Sr (82.58%). Its standard atomic weight is 87.62(1).

Only ⁸⁷Sr is radiogenic; it is produced by decay from the radioactive alkali metal ⁸⁷Rb, which has a half-life of 4.88 × 10¹⁰ years (i.e. more than three times longer than the current age of the universe). Thus, there are two sources of ⁸⁷Sr in any material: primordial, formed during nucleosynthesis along with ⁸⁴Sr, ⁸⁶Sr and ⁸⁸Sr; and that formed by radioactive decay of ⁸⁷Rb. The ratio ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is the parameter typically reported in geologic investigations; ratios in minerals and rocks have values ranging from about 0.7 to greater than 4.0. Because strontium has an electron configuration similar to that of calcium, it readily substitutes for Ca in minerals.

In addition to the four stable isotopes, thirty-one unstable isotopes of strontium are known to exist (see Table, below): the longest-lived of these are ⁹⁰Sr with a half-life of 28.9 years and ⁸⁵Sr with a half-life of 64.853 days. Of importance are strontium-89 (⁸⁹Sr) with a half-life of 50.57 days, and strontium-90 (⁹⁰Sr). They decay by emitting an electron and an antineutrino (\\bar{\u}_e) in beta decay (β⁻ decay) to become yttrium:

^{89}_{38}Sr -> {^{89}_{39}Y} + {e^-} + \\bar{\u}_e

^{90}_{38}Sr -> {^{90}_{39}Y} + {e^-} + \\bar{\u}_e

⁸⁹Sr is an artificial radioisotope used in treatment of bone cancer. In circumstances where cancer patients have widespread and painful bony metastases, the administration of ⁸⁹Sr results in the delivery of beta particles directly to the area of bony problem,{{explain|reason="Area of bony problem"???|date=January 2019}} where calcium turnover is greatest.

⁹⁰Sr is a by-product of nuclear fission, present in nuclear fallout. The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident contaminated a vast area with ⁹⁰Sr. It causes health problems, as it substitutes for calcium in bone, preventing expulsion from the body. Because it is a long-lived high-energy beta emitter, it is used in SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use in spacecraft, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc., where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is required.

The lightest isotope is ⁷³Sr and the heaviest is ¹⁰⁷Sr.

All other strontium isotopes have half-lives shorter than 55 days, most under 100 minutes.

List of isotopes

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[1]^[2]	daughter isotope(s)^[3]	nuclear spin and parity	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	decay mode(s)^[1]^[2]	daughter isotope(s)^[3]	nuclear spin and parity	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
⁷³Sr	38	35	72.96597(64)#	>25 ms	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁷³Rb	1/2−#
⁷³Sr	38	35	72.96597(64)#	>25 ms	β⁺, p (<.1%)	⁷²Kr	1/2−#
⁷⁴Sr	38	36	73.95631(54)#	50# ms [>1.5 µs]	β⁺	⁷⁴Rb	0+
⁷⁵Sr	38	37	74.94995(24)	88(3) ms	β⁺ (93.5%)	⁷⁵Rb	(3/2−)
⁷⁵Sr	38	37	74.94995(24)	88(3) ms	β⁺, p (6.5%)	⁷⁴Kr	(3/2−)
⁷⁶Sr	38	38	75.94177(4)	7.89(7) s	β⁺	⁷⁶Rb	0+
⁷⁷Sr	38	39	76.937945(10)	9.0(2) s	β⁺ (99.75%)	⁷⁷Rb	5/2+
⁷⁷Sr	38	39	76.937945(10)	9.0(2) s	β⁺, p (.25%)	⁷⁶Kr	5/2+
⁷⁸Sr	38	40	77.932180(8)	159(8) s	β⁺	⁷⁸Rb	0+
⁷⁹Sr	38	41	78.929708(9)	2.25(10) min	β⁺	⁷⁹Rb	3/2(−)
⁸⁰Sr	38	42	79.924521(7)	106.3(15) min	β⁺	⁸⁰Rb	0+
⁸¹Sr	38	43	80.923212(7)	22.3(4) min	β⁺	⁸¹Rb	1/2−
⁸²Sr	38	44	81.918402(6)	25.36(3) d	EC	⁸²Rb	0+
⁸³Sr	38	45	82.917557(11)	32.41(3) h	β⁺	⁸³Rb	7/2+
^83mSr	259.15(9) keV			4.95(12) s	IT	⁸³Sr	1/2−
⁸⁴Sr	38	46	83.913425(3)	Observationally Stable^[4]			0+	0.0056(1)	0.0055–0.0058
⁸⁵Sr	38	47	84.912933(3)	64.853(8) d	EC	⁸⁵Rb	9/2+
^85mSr	238.66(6) keV			67.63(4) min	IT (86.6%)	⁸⁵Sr	1/2−
^85mSr	238.66(6) keV			67.63(4) min	β⁺ (13.4%)	⁸⁵Rb	1/2−
⁸⁶Sr	38	48	85.9092607309(91)	Stable			0+	0.0986(1)	0.0975–0.0999
^86mSr	2955.68(21) keV			455(7) ns	8+
⁸⁷Sr^[5]	38	49	86.9088774970(91)	Stable			9/2+	0.0700(1)	0.0694–0.0714
^87mSr	388.533(3) keV			2.815(12) h	IT (99.7%)	⁸⁷Sr	1/2−
^87mSr	388.533(3) keV			2.815(12) h	EC (.3%)	*⁸⁷Rb*	1/2−
⁸⁸Sr^[6]	38	50	87.9056122571(97)	Stable			0+	0.8258(1)	0.8229–0.8275
⁸⁹Sr^[6]	38	51	88.9074507(12)	50.57(3) d	β⁻	⁸⁹Y	5/2+
⁹⁰Sr^[6]	38	52	89.907738(3)	28.90(3) y	β⁻	⁹⁰Y	0+
⁹¹Sr	38	53	90.910203(5)	9.63(5) h	β⁻	⁹¹Y	5/2+
⁹²Sr	38	54	91.911038(4)	2.66(4) h	β⁻	⁹²Y	0+
⁹³Sr	38	55	92.914026(8)	7.423(24) min	β⁻	⁹³Y	5/2+
⁹⁴Sr	38	56	93.915361(8)	75.3(2) s	β⁻	⁹⁴Y	0+
⁹⁵Sr	38	57	94.919359(8)	23.90(14) s	β⁻	⁹⁵Y	1/2+
⁹⁶Sr	38	58	95.921697(29)	1.07(1) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Y	0+
⁹⁷Sr	38	59	96.926153(21)	429(5) ms	β⁻ (99.95%)	⁹⁷Y	1/2+
⁹⁷Sr	38	59	96.926153(21)	429(5) ms	β⁻, n (.05%)	⁹⁶Y	1/2+
^97m1Sr	308.13(11) keV			170(10) ns	(7/2)+
^97m2Sr	830.8(2) keV			255(10) ns	(11/2−)#
⁹⁸Sr	38	60	97.928453(28)	0.653(2) s	β⁻ (99.75%)	⁹⁸Y	0+
⁹⁸Sr	38	60	97.928453(28)	0.653(2) s	β⁻, n (.25%)	⁹⁷Y	0+
⁹⁹Sr	38	61	98.93324(9)	0.269(1) s	β⁻ (99.9%)	⁹⁹Y	3/2+
⁹⁹Sr	38	61	98.93324(9)	0.269(1) s	β⁻, n (.1%)	⁹⁸Y	3/2+
¹⁰⁰Sr	38	62	99.93535(14)	202(3) ms	β⁻ (99.02%)	¹⁰⁰Y	0+
¹⁰⁰Sr	38	62	99.93535(14)	202(3) ms	β⁻, n (.98%)	⁹⁹Y	0+
¹⁰¹Sr	38	63	100.94052(13)	118(3) ms	β⁻ (97.63%)	¹⁰¹Y	(5/2−)
¹⁰¹Sr	38	63	100.94052(13)	118(3) ms	β⁻, n (2.37%)	¹⁰⁰Y	(5/2−)
¹⁰²Sr	38	64	101.94302(12)	69(6) ms	β⁻ (94.5%)	¹⁰²Y	0+
¹⁰²Sr	38	64	101.94302(12)	69(6) ms	β⁻, n (5.5%)	¹⁰¹Y	0+
¹⁰³Sr	38	65	102.94895(54)#	50# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	¹⁰³Y
¹⁰⁴Sr	38	66	103.95233(75)#	30# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	¹⁰⁴Y	0+
¹⁰⁵Sr	38	67	104.95858(75)#	20# ms [>300 ns]

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}}
2. ^Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
3. ^Bold for stable isotopes, bold italic for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
4. ^Believed to decay by β⁺β⁺ to ⁸⁴Kr
5. ^Used in rubidium–strontium dating
6. ^¹²Fission product

Notes

Evaluated isotopic composition is for most but not all commercial samples.
The precision of the isotope abundances and atomic mass is limited through variations. The given ranges should be applicable to any normal terrestrial material.
Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

Isotope masses from:
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- {{CAWIA 2003}}
- {{CIAAW 2005}}
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- {{NUBASE 2003}}
- {{NNDC}}
- {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

3 : Strontium|Isotopes of strontium|Lists of isotopes by element

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