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词条 Isotopes of zinc
释义

  1. List of isotopes

      Notes  

  2. References

  3. External links

{{More footnotes|date=February 2011}}{{infobox zinc isotopes}}

Naturally occurring zinc (30Zn) is composed of the 5 stable isotopes 64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn, and 70Zn with 64Zn being the most abundant (48.6% natural abundance). Twenty-five radioisotopes have been characterised with the most abundant and stable being 65Zn with a half-life of 244.26 days, and 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 14 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 1 second. This element also has 10 meta states.

Zinc has been proposed as a "salting" material for nuclear weapons. A jacket of isotopically enriched 64Zn, irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, would transmute into the radioactive isotope 65Zn with a half-life of 244 days and produce approximately 1.115 MeV[1] of gamma radiation, significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout for several days. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.[2]

List of isotopes

nuclide
symbol		 Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 		half-lifedecay
mode(s)[3][4]		daughter
isotope(s)[5]		nuclear
spin and
parity		representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)		range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
54Zn3024 53.99295(43)# 2p 52Ni 0+
55Zn302554.98398(27)#20# ms [>1.6 µs] 2p 53Ni5/2−#
β+ 55Cu
56Zn3026 55.97238(28)# 36(10) ms β+ 56Cu 0+
57Zn302756.96479(11)#38(4) ms β+, p (65%) 56Ni7/2−#
β+ (35%) 57Cu
58Zn302857.95459(5)84(9) ms β+, p (60%) 57Ni0+
β+ (40%) 58Cu
59Zn302958.94926(4)182.0(18) ms β+ (99%) 59Cu3/2−
β+, p (1%) 58Ni
60Zn[6]3030 59.941827(11) 2.38(5) min β+ 60Cu 0+
61Zn3031 60.939511(17) 89.1(2) s β+ 61Cu 3/2−
61m1Zn88.4(1) keV <430 ms 1/2−
61m2Zn418.10(15) keV 140(70) ms 3/2−
61m3Zn756.02(18) keV <130 ms 5/2−
62Zn3032 61.934330(11) 9.186(13) h β+ 62Cu 0+
63Zn3033 62.9332116(17) 38.47(5) min β+ 63Cu 3/2−
64Zn3034 63.9291422(7)Observationally Stable[7] 0+ 0.4917(75)
65Zn3035 64.9292410(7) 243.66(9) d β+ 65Cu 5/2−
65mZn53.928(10) keV 1.6(6) µs (1/2)−
66Zn3036 65.9260334(10)Stable 0+ 0.2773(98)
67Zn3037 66.9271273(10)Stable 5/2− 0.0404(16)
68Zn3038 67.9248442(10)Stable 0+ 0.1845(63)
69Zn3039 68.9265503(10) 56.4(9) min β− 69Ga 1/2−
69mZn438.636(18) keV13.76(2) h IT (96.7%) 69Zn9/2+
β− (3.3%) 69Ga
70Zn3040 69.9253193(21)Observationally Stable[8] 0+ 0.0061(10)
71Zn3041 70.927722(11) 2.45(10) min β− 71Ga 1/2−
71mZn157.7(13) keV3.96(5) h β− (99.95%) 71Ga9/2+
IT (.05%) 71Zn
72Zn3042 71.926858(7) 46.5(1) h β− 72Ga 0+
73Zn3043 72.92978(4) 23.5(10) s β− 73Ga (1/2)−
73m1Zn195.5(2) keV 13.0(2) ms (5/2+)
73m2Zn237.6(20) keV5.8(8) s β− 73Ga(7/2+)
IT 73Zn
74Zn3044 73.92946(5) 95.6(12) s β− 74Ga 0+
75Zn3045 74.93294(8) 10.2(2) s β− 75Ga (7/2+)#
76Zn3046 75.93329(9) 5.7(3) s β− 76Ga 0+
77Zn3047 76.93696(13) 2.08(5) s β− 77Ga (7/2+)#
77mZn772.39(12) keV1.05(10) s IT (50%) 77Zn1/2−#
β− (50%) 77Ga
78Zn3048 77.93844(10) 1.47(15) s β− 78Ga 0+
78mZn2673(1) keV 319(9) ns (8+)
79Zn304978.94265(28)#0.995(19) s β− (98.7%) 79Ga(9/2+)
β−, n (1.3%) 78Ga
80Zn305079.94434(18)545(16) ms β− (99%) 80Ga0+
β−, n (1%) 79Ga
81Zn305180.95048(32)#290(50) ms β− (92.5%) 81Ga5/2+#
β−, n (7.5%) 80Ga
82Zn3052 81.95442(54)# 100# ms [>300 ns] β− 82Ga 0+
83Zn3053 82.96103(54)# 80# ms [>300 ns] 5/2+#
1. ^{{cite journal| last1 = Roost | first1 = E. | last2 = Funck | first2 = E. | last3 = Spernol | first3 = A. | last4 = Vaninbroukx | first4 = R. | title = The decay of 65Zn | journal = Zeitschrift für Physik | volume = 250 | issue = 5 | pages = 395–412 | year = 1972 | doi = 10.1007/BF01379752|bibcode = 1972ZPhy..250..395D }}
2. ^{{cite journal | author = D. T. Win, M. Al Masum | year = 2003 | title = Weapons of Mass Destruction | url = http://www.journal.au.edu/au_techno/2003/apr2003/aujt6-4_article07.pdf | journal=Assumption University Journal of Technology | volume = 6 | issue =4 | pages = 199–219}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx |title=Universal Nuclide Chart |publisher=nucleonica |registration=yes}}
4. ^Abbreviations:
IT: Isomeric transition
5. ^Bold for stable isotopes
6. ^Final product of the silicon-burning process; its production is endothermic and accelerates the star's collapse
7. ^Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 64Ni with a half-life over 2.3×1018 a
8. ^Believed to undergo β−β− decay to 70Ge with a half-life over 1.3×1016 a

Notes

  • Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
  • Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
  • Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO).
  • Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW).

References

  • Isotope masses from:
    • {{NUBASE 2003}}
  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
    • {{CIAAW 2005}}
    • {{CIAAW 2005}}
  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
    • {{NUBASE 2003}}
    • {{NNDC}}
    • {{CRC85|chapter=11}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070823153653/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/Zn_iso.htm Zinc isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's]
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2 : Isotopes of zinc|Lists of isotopes by element
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