| 词条 | Italian submarine Scirè (1938) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Italian submarine Scirè was an {{sclass-|Adua|submarine}}, built in 1930s which served during World War II in the Regia Marina. It was named after a northern region of Ethiopia, at the time part of Italian East Africa. Design and descriptionThe Adua-class submarines were essentially repeats of the preceding {{sclass-|Perla|submarine|4}}. They displaced {{convert|680|t|LT|sp=us}} surfaced and {{convert|844|t|LT|sp=us}} submerged. The submarines were {{convert|60.18|m|ftin|sp=us}} long, had a beam of {{convert|6.45|m|ftin|sp=us}} and a draft of {{convert|4.7|m|ftin|sp=us}}.[2] For surface running, the boats were powered by two {{convert|600|bhp|lk=in|0|adj=on}} diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a {{convert|400|hp|0|adj=on}} electric motor. They could reach {{convert|14|kn|lk=in}} on the surface and {{convert|7.5|kn}} underwater. On the surface, the Adua class had a range of {{convert|3180|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10.5|kn}}, submerged, they had a range of {{convert|74|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}}.[3] The boats were armed with six internal {{convert|53.3|cm|in|1|abbr=on|sp=us}} torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern. They were also armed with one {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} deck gun for combat on the surface. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of {{convert|13.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} machine guns.[2] Construction and careerScirè was launched on 6 January 1938 in OTO's shipyard in La Spezia and commissioned on 25 April 1938.[2]At the beginning of the war, she was assigned to 15th Squadron (I Submarine Group) based at La Spezia and was under command of Adriano Pini. On July 10, 1940, while on patrol in the western Mediterranean, French cargo ship SS Cheik (1058 GRT) was torpedoed and sunk by Scirè 54nm from the Asmare Light, north of Sardinia. In the summer of 1940 Scirè underwent a series of modifications converting her to a SLC boat. The size of the tower was reduced, her deck gun was removed, and 3 watertight cylinders were mounted on her deck instead to accommodate maiali. These cylinders, each weighing 2.8 tons, could hold up depths down to 90 meters. On September 24, 1940 Scirè, under command of captain Junio Valerio Borghese, sailed from La Spezia for her first special mission to be performed in Gibraltar. In the evening of September 29, upon reaching the Strait of Gibraltar, Sciré received an order from Supermarina to suspend the mission and return to the base as Force H had left the Mediterranean to operate in the Atlantic. In 1940 Scire made it first foray into the Bay of Gibraltar intent on sabotage of the British ships in Gibraltar Harbour with three manned torpedoes. None of the three were successful with the most daring getting stuck 100 metres from {{HMS|Barham|04|6}}. The crew were forced to withdraw and the explosion of the torpedo's only achievement was to tip off the defenders of Gibraltar Harbour. They organised for boats to drop small charges into the water each night that would have proved fatal to any diver in range of the shock wave.[4] Scirè entered the Bay of Gibraltar again in September 1941 with better results than the previous time. On September 20, 1941 three tankers were attacked and Fiona Shell (2444 GRT, 1892) was sunk whilst other two ships, RFA Denbydale (2145 GRT) and MS Durham (10893 GRT) were damaged. The Italians decided to create a permanent base in Spain eventually converting a ship called {{ship|Italian auxiliary ship|Olterra||2}} that was moored off Algeciras into a permanent base for naval sabotage.[4]Scirè accomplished many missions inside enemy waters. Among these, the most important was carried out on 3 December 1941. Scirè left La Spezia carrying three manned torpedoes. At the island of Leros in the Aegean Sea, it secretly loaded six crew for them: Luigi Durand de la Penne and Emilio Bianchi (maiale 221), Vincenzo Martellotta and Mario Marino (maiale 222), Antonio Marceglia and Spartaco Schergat (maiale 223). On 19 December, Scirè reached Alexandria in Egypt, and its manned torpedoes entered the harbour and sank in shallow waters the British battleships {{HMS|Valiant|1914|6}}, Queen Elizabeth and damaged the tanker Sagona and the destroyer Jervis. All six torpedo-riders were captured and the battleships returned to service after several months of repairs. During a mission to launch manned torpedoes, on 10 August 1942, Scirè was depth charged by the British naval trawler {{HMT|Islay|T172|2}} in Haifa bay, about {{convert|11|km|nmi}} from the harbour. Scirè surfaced briefly before sinking during which time she was also shelled by 300 Coast Battery, Royal Artillery.[5] Islay was captained by Lieutenant Commander John Ross of North Shields, Tyne and Wear who was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions. The wreck of Scirè, lying at a depth of {{convert|32|m|ft}}, became a popular diving site and Shayetet 13 training location. In 1984 a joint Italian-Israeli Navy ceremony was performed, in which the forward section was removed from the submarine and sent to Italy to become part of a memorial. References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{csr|register=MSI|id=6110609|shipname=Scire |accessdate=8 March 2009 }} 2. ^1 2 Chesneau, pp. 309–10 3. ^Bagnasco, p. 154 4. ^1 {{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Sir William G. F.|title=The rock of the Gibraltarians : a history of Gibraltar|year=1990|publisher=Gibraltar Books|location=Grendon|isbn=0948466146|page=286-267|edition=2nd}} 5. ^300 Coast Bty War Diary, 1942, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 169/4674. External links
9 : Adua-class submarines|World War II submarines of Italy|Lost submarines of Italy|Maritime incidents in August 1942|World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean|1938 ships|Ships built by Oto Melara|Ships built in Livorno|Ships lost with all hands |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。