| 词条 | Fort Hommet 10.5 cm coastal defence gun casemate bunker |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Hommet | ensign = | ensign_size = | native_name = | partof = | location = Albecq, Castel, Bailiwick of Guernsey | nearest_town = | country = | image = 10.5cm Gun Casement.JPG | caption = 10.5 cm Coastal Defence Gun Casemate | image2 = Casmate.png | alt2 = | caption2 = Plan of the Casemate | type = Artillery Casemate | coordinates = {{Coord}} | gridref = | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = France | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | ownership = | operator = | controlledby = | open_to_public = | site_other_label = | site_other = | site_area = | code = | built = {{Start date|1943|04}} | used = | builder = | materials = Reinforced concrete | height = | length = | fate = | condition = Restored and open to the public 6 May 1995 | battles = | events = | current_commander = | past_commanders = | garrison = | occupants = | website = | footnotes = }} The Fort Hommet 10.5 cm coastal defence gun casemate bunker is a fully restored gun casemate that was part of Fortress Guernsey constructed by the forces of Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1945.[1] LocationThe bunker is in Castel on the northern side of Vazon Bay and is part of a complex of reinforced concrete fortifications built by the Germans on the site of Fort Hommet. Fort Hommet is on a headland that lies {{convert|3.3|miles}} north west of St Peter Port on the other side of the Island.[2] HistoryFort Hommet was constructed on the Vazon Bay Headland in the late Napoleonic Wars era as part of the anti-French defences although there had been fortifications recorded here as far back as 1680.[3] A Martello tower was built on the site in 1804 with further batteries and a barracks being added later. On 20 October 1941, after the occupation of the Channel Islands, a directive ordered by Adolf Hitler proclaimed that the Islands would be turned into an impregnable reinforced concrete fortress as part of the Atlantic Wall, and the Organisation Todt constructed fortifications round the coast. As part of these plans this restored casemate was one of 21 similar standard constructions of a design type Jäger,[4]{{rp|57}} built to house 10.5cm K331(f) guns.[5] Four such casemates were installed at Fort Hommet and make up part of Stützpunkt (Strongpoint) Rotenstein. The Jäger casemate being a Series 600 Regelbau construction, named after the Organisation Todt officer who designed it.[4]{{rp|57}} 1943 constructionThe construction work began in April 1943 after the completion of a railway link between Vazon and St Peter Port which was the essential link needed for the transportation of the vast quantity of materials required to build the fortifications. The schedule of work consisted of initial site excavations followed by a concrete base poured. Wooden shuttering would then be built and steel reinforcing would be installed in the form of cradles. The concrete would then be poured in a continuous fashion giving each structure its immense strength. Once cured, the shuttering was removed and the bunker was fitted out. The process was carried out in a matter of weeks. DesignLooking at the plan and starting at 12 o'clock you have the gun room, at 1 o'clock the spent shell room, 3 - crew room with escape shaft, 5- anti-gas lock with entrance defence, 6- entrance, 7 and 9 - two ammunition rooms, 10 o'clock the ventilation plant.[4]{{rp|57}} LiberationAfter the liberation of Guernsey in 1945, the fortifications were stripped of all their fixtures and fittings by both the British Army and the islanders. By the late 1940s all the metal fittings including guns and blast doors were removed for their scrap value. Many of the bunkers including this casemate at Fort Hommet, were buried in an attempt to return the coastal landscape to its pre-war condition. RestorationAs part of Guernsey's fiftieth liberation celebrations, and part of the project Fortess Guernsey, the States of Guernsey had all the 10.5 cm casemates on the island surveyed with a view to restoring the best example.[6] This casemate was found to be dry and structurally sound although it was just a bare shell. The entrance to the casemate was excavated in April 1993 and restoration work began. The restoration was completed in 1995 and is open to the public on two afternoons from April to October. {{clear}}See also{{portal|Channel Islands|World War II}}
References1. ^Souvenir Guide, 10.5cm Coastal Defence Gun Casemate Bunker, Fort Hommet, Fortress Guernsey project. 2. ^Perry's A4 Professional guide to Guernsey, Perry's Ref: 14A1 3. ^Channel Island Walks, Cicerone Guide, Paddy Dillon Author {{ISBN|1-85284-288-1}} Page 156 4. ^1 2 {{cite book |first=Charles |last=Stephenson |title=The Channel Islands 1941-45: Hitler's Impregnable Fortress |publisher=Osprey Publishing, 2006 |isbn=9781841769219}} 5. ^Hogg, Ian V. German Artillery of World War Two. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997 {{ISBN|1-85367-480-X}} 6. ^Island Life, Guernsey Forts and Museums, Fortress Guernsey External links{{Commons category|Fortifications of World War II in Guernsey}}
8 : Bunkers in Europe|Fortifications in Guernsey|Coastal artillery|Museums in Guernsey|Military and war museums|World War II museums|Military history of the Channel Islands during World War II|20th century in Guernsey |
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