| 词条 | Fountain of Qayt Bay |
| 释义 |
HistoryThe fountain was originally built in 1455 on the orders of the Mamluk sultan Sayf ad-Din Inal. In 1482, however, Sultan Qaytbay had it rebuilt, and the structure is named after him. The labour of erecting the building was done by Egyptian and Circassian craftsmen under the supervision of a renowned Christian architect. The fountain was constructed in a style mostly seen in Egypt. In 1883, the Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II restored the fountain and made some additions to it.[4] ArchitectureStructurePlaced on a raised prayer platform, together with a freestanding mihrab,[1] the Fountain of Qayt Bay is a three-tiered structure over 13 metres high, consisting of a base, a transition zone and its dome.[3] The tallest part of the fountain is the base,[3] which is a simple square room built in an ablaq construction method of blending red and cream stones, with wide grilled windows and a small entrance.[1] The windows are located on three sides of the building, and there are four steps leading up to the windows on the northern and the western sides, as well as a large stone bench beneath the southern window. On the eastern wall of the fountain, four semi-circular steps lead up to the entrance door.[2] The complex zone of transition steps in several stages from the square base to the round and high drum that merges into the dome itself. At its peak, the building is crowned by a pointed dome decorated with low-relief arabesque stone carvings.[1] The dome is crowned by a bronze crescent, which, unlike other crescents in the sanctuary, faces east and west.[2] It is the only significant dome of its kind that exists outside Cairo.[1] On all four sides of the fountain are ornate inscriptions containing Qur'anic verses, details of the original Mamluk building and the 1883 renovation of the structure. Mamluk-era star-pattern strap work details the building interior, but the external lintels are from the Ottoman era of rule in Palestine.[4] The 1883 renovation largely kept Qaitbay's structure mostly intact.[1] Water accessBeneath the building is the large underground reservoir.[2] Water used to pour from the shaft near the door of the fountain into troughs below each window. The troughs were cups chained to a bronze ring fitted into the two holes of each window.[4] Before the establishment of the British Mandate in Palestine, most fountains in the Temple Mount were supplied with water from the main channel from Solomon's Pools at the Chain Gate. During the British Mandate period, the fountain became more dependent on rainwater and springs. At this time water was collected in the reservoir beneath the building and then pulled up to the fountain itself.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title=Sabil al-Sultan Qāʼit Bāy |url=https://archnet.org/sites/2983 |website=Archnet Digital Library |accessdate=16 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216065621/https://archnet.org/sites/2983 |archivedate=16 December 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 Al-Aqsa Guide Al-Aqsa Friends 2007, #29. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006175930/http://www.aqsa.org.uk/MULTIMEDIA/AlAqsaGuide/tabid/82/language/en-GB/Default.aspx |date=October 6, 2008 }} 3. ^1 2 Peterson, Andrew. (1996). [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5gOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=Fountain+of+Qaitbay+Jerusalem&source=web&ots=SU1kM8AYYo&sig=An8zO0HMAZfOEv0_vux6PZOZxX4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#PPA136,M1 Dictionary of Islamic architecture]. Routledge, p.136. 4. ^1 2 3 Murphy-O'Connor, Jeremiah. (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=zCJbd9UxrlIC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=Fountain+of+Qaytbay&source=bl&ots=A8h3tnk29k&sig=EqRWzLnvGIS2YXfLDv8bqIo8KMU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA98,M1 The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700]. Oxford University Press US, pp.98-99. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
3 : Buildings and structures completed in 1455|Buildings and structures completed in 1482|Mamluk architecture in the Palestinian territories |
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